{"id":251523,"date":"2022-06-01T13:22:48","date_gmt":"2022-06-01T05:22:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forgemind.net\/media\/?p=251523"},"modified":"2024-12-21T14:02:16","modified_gmt":"2024-12-21T06:02:16","slug":"%e5%bb%ba%e7%af%89%e5%b8%ab%e5%bf%85%e9%a0%88%e7%9f%a5%e9%81%93%e7%9a%8450%e5%80%8b%e7%87%9f%e9%80%a0%e5%b0%88%e6%9c%89%e5%90%8d%e8%a9%9e%e5%8f%8a%e8%a7%80%e5%bf%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forgemind.net\/media\/%e5%bb%ba%e7%af%89%e5%b8%ab%e5%bf%85%e9%a0%88%e7%9f%a5%e9%81%93%e7%9a%8450%e5%80%8b%e7%87%9f%e9%80%a0%e5%b0%88%e6%9c%89%e5%90%8d%e8%a9%9e%e5%8f%8a%e8%a7%80%e5%bf%b5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u5fc5\u9808\u77e5\u9053\u768450\u500b\u71df\u9020\u5c08\u6709\u540d\u8a5e\u53ca\u89c0\u5ff5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4efb\u4f55\u884c\u696d\u90fd\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5efa\u7bc9\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6578\u6280\u80fd\u7121\u6cd5\u5149\u9760\u5b78\u6821<\/a>\u6559\u80b2\u4f86\u50b3\u6388\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u85c9\u7531\u591a\u5e74\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u89e3\u6c7a\u5be6\u969b\u554f\u984c\u800c\u7372\u5f97\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u525b\u7562\u696d\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7cfb\u5b78\u751f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u73fe\u5730\u52d8\u67e5\u6642\uff0c\u8207\u71df\u9020\u5ee0\u3001\u9867\u554f\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u548c\u65bd\u5de5\u4eba\u54e1\u63a5\u89f8\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u63aa\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u5728\u65bd\u5de5\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u9032\u884c\u5be6\u969b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8a71\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5efa\u7bc9\u5de5\u5730\u88e1\u80fd\u5b78\u5230\u8a31\u591a\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u65bd\u5de5\u4eba\u54e1\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u8853\u8a9e\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u8853\u8a9e\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f60\u5728\u4e0a\u5b78\u6642\u8001\u5e2b\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u6559\u904e\u7684\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5efa\u7bc9\u8a5e\u5178\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5408\u9069\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u63d0\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5de5\u5730\u96a8\u8eab\u651c\u5e36\u4e00\u672c\u6db5\u84cb 25000\u591a\u500b\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u66f8\uff0c\u50cf\u662fCyril M. Harris\u7684\u300aDictionary of Architecture and Construction\uff08\u5efa\u7bc9\u8207\u5efa\u7bc9\u5de5\u7a0b\u8fad\u5178\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff08\u800c\u4e14\u9047\u5230\u4e0d\u61c2\u7684\u6771\u897f\u624d\u67e5\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u88ab\u4eba\u77a7\u4e0d\u8d77\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u4e86 50 \u500b\u71df\u5efa\u8853\u8a9e\u53ca\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u65b0\u624b\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u5011\u7528\u4f86\u52a0\u6df1\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u6bcf\u4f4d\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u591a\u591a\u5c11\u5c11\u90fd\u6703\u78b0\u5230\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u539f\u6587\u662f\u4ee5\u7f8e\u570b<\/a>\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u5de5\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8acb\u53c3\u8003\u95b1\u8b80\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u675c\u62dc\u672a\u4f86\u535a\u7269\u9928\uff0fBuro
\u675c\u62dc\u672a\u4f86\u535a\u7269\u9928<\/a>\uff0fBuro Happold<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

1.\u7e3d\u5de5\u7a0b\u9020\u50f9\uff08All-in Rate\uff09\uff1a\u5728\u65bd\u5de5\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u6848\u7684\u7e3d\u8cbb\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u9593\u63a5\u6210\u672c\u3002\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u7528\u65bc\u91d1\u878d\u9818\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u8acb\u7167\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u3001\u5099\u6848\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\uff08Architect of Record\uff09\uff1a\u662f\u6307\u5728\u5efa\u7bc9\u57f7\u7167\u4e0a\u6240\u5217\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b<\/a>\uff0c\u300cArchitect of Record\u300d\u537b\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u8ca0\u8cac\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5728\u5de5\u5730\u9644\u8fd1\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4<\/a>\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u6703\u50f1\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u300c\u8acb\u7167\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u300d\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u8ca0\u8cac\u73fe\u5834\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u5229\u7528\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u65bd\u5de5\u554f\u984c\uff1b\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u4e5f\u5f88\u5e38\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8a31\u591a\u5efa\u8a2d\u516c\u53f8\u559c\u6b61\u9080\u8acb\u570b\u5916\u77e5\u540d\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u5230\u53f0\u7063\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u8a2d\u8a08\u5efa\u6848\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u958b\u696d\u7684\u53f0\u7063\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u64d4\u4efb\u8acb\u7167\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u7246\u8eab\u6536\u5206\uff08Batter\uff09\uff1a\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u662f\u6307\u5728\u5efa\u7bc9\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7246\u58c1\u6216\u7d50\u69cb\u5411\u5167\u50be\u659c\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u9019\u7a2e\u8a2d\u8a08\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f86\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d50\u69cb\u5f37\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u9078\u64c7\u5b83\u5247\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u88dd\u98fe\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

4.BIM<\/a>\uff1a\u5efa\u7bc9\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6a21\u578b\uff08Building Information Modeling\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u5efa\u7bc9\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u65bd\u5de5\u4e2d\u7684\u6578\u4f4d\u5316\u8f49\u63db\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u6db5\u84cb\u5efa\u7bc9\u5de5\u7a0b\u5168\u751f\u547d\u9031\u671f\u7684\u6578\u4f4d\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5eab\uff0c\u4ee5\u5be6\u73fe\u5404\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u5c08\u696d\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u96c6\u6210\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u3002<\/p>\n

5.\u642d\u5efa\uff08Blocking\uff09\uff1a\u6b64\u540d\u8a5e\u4f86\u81ea\u300c\u7a4d\u6728\uff08blocks\uff09\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5728\u6728\u6846\u67b6\u5efa\u7bc9\u4e2d\u65bd\u5de5\u4eba\u54e1\u4f7f\u7528\u77ed\u6728\u584a\u6216\u6728\u6750\u908a\u89d2\u6599\u4f86\u586b\u5145\u3001\u5206\u9694\u3001\u9023\u63a5\u6216\u52a0\u56fa\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u6280\u8853\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u6df1\u5733\u570b\u969b\u4f4e\u78b3\u57ce\u6703\u5c55\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6539\u9020\uff0f\u540c\u6fdf\u539f\u4f5c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4\"
\u6df1\u5733<\/a>\u570b\u969b\u4f4e\u78b3\u57ce\u6703\u5c55\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6539\u9020\uff0f\u540c\u6fdf\u539f\u4f5c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"Virtual
Virtual Design & Construction. Image via pxhere (public domain)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

6.BOQ\uff1a\u5373\u5de5\u7a0b\u91cf\u6e05\u55ae\uff08Bill of Quantities\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4f30\u7b97\u6216\u6210\u672c\u9867\u554f\u6e96\u5099\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6574\u500b\u5efa\u8a2d\u8a08\u756b\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6750\u6599\u548c\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u6e05\u55ae\u3002\u8a72\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u71df\u9020\u5ee0\u5728\u5831\u50f9\u968e\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u6240\u6295\u6a19\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u9032\u884c\u5831\u50f9\u3002<\/p>\n

7.\u4e95\u5f0f\u652f\u67b6\uff08Box Crib\uff09\uff1a\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u662f\u6307\u5728\u65bd\u5de5\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7528\u4f86\u52a0\u56fa\u91cd\u7269\u6216\u70ba\u91cd\u7269\u589e\u52a0\u984d\u5916\u652f\u6490\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u81e8\u6642\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u7d50\u69cb\u5f62\u5f0f\u50cf\u758a\u758a\u6a02\u904a\u6232\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u64d4\u5fc3\u7d50\u69cb\u6703\u5012\u584c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u8db3\u5920\u7a69\u5b9a\u3002\u7528\u65bc\u88fd\u9020\u4e95\u5f0f\u652f\u67b6\u7684\u6750\u6599\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6728\u689d\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u7d50\u69cb\u642d\u5efa\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u7a69\u5b9a\u5be6\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u5728\u96fb\u5f71\u88fd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u5e73\u53f0\u3001\u5c0f\u8eca\u8ecc\u9053\u7b49\u5404\u7a2e\u81e8\u6642\u7d50\u69cb\u9032\u884c\u52a0\u56fa\u3002<\/p>\n

8.\u5efa\u9020\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\uff08Building Engineer\uff09\uff1a\u65bd\u5de5\u5efa\u9020\u6642\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7cbe\u901a\u65bc\u6b64\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u65bd\u5de5\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u767c\u751f\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e8b\u60c5\u8ca0\u8cac\u3002\u5efa\u9020\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u7684\u8077\u80fd\u56e0\u570b\u5bb6\u800c\u7570\uff0c\u4f46\u5171\u540c\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u662f\u65bd\u5de5\u3001\u6280\u8853\u3001\u8a2d\u8a08\u3001\u8a55\u4f30\u548c\u7dad\u8b77\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n

9.\u66f2\u7dda\uff08Cant\uff09\uff1a\u6307\u66f2\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u659c\u7dda\u6216\u6709\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u7dda\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u5c0d\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u5e73\u9762\u7684\u908a\u7de3\u9032\u884c\u5012\u89d2\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8a2d\u8a08\u624b\u6cd5\u5728\u5df4\u6d1b\u514b\u5efa\u7bc9\u4e2d\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u69cb\u5716\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n

10.\u707d\u96e3\u6027\u6545\u969c\uff08Catastrophic Failure\uff09\uff1a\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u542b\u7fa9\u5df2\u7d93\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u300c\u707d\u96e3\u6027\u6545\u969c\u300d\u662f\u6307\u7a81\u7136\u7684\u3001\u7121\u6cd5\u6062\u5fa9\u7684\u65bd\u5de5\u4e8b\u6545\u3002\u9019\u500b\u8853\u8a9e\u5df2\u7d93\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u4e5f\u591a\u7528\u65bc\u6307\u5316\u5b78\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e8b\u6545\u3001\u69cd\u652f\u5f48\u85e5\u7684\u8d70\u706b\u4ee5\u53ca\u96fb\u529b\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u6545\u969c\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5fb7\u570b<\/a>\u5967\u5229\u7dad\u8482\u4e2d\u5fc3 \/ \u57c3\u8ca2\u00b7\u827e\u723e\u66fc \u00a9 MORITZ BERNOULLY<\/p>\n

\"Concrete
Concrete Slab – Wade Institute of Entrepreneurship \/ Lovell Chen. Image \u00a9 John Gollings<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

11.\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u4fdd\u8b77\u5c64\uff08Concrete Cover\uff09\uff1a\u8207\u92fc\u7b4b\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u6307\u7d50\u69cb\u69cb\u4ef6\u4e2d\u92fc\u7b4b\u5916\u908a\u7de3\u81f3\u69cb\u4ef6\u8868\u9762\u7bc4\u570d\u7528\u65bc\u4fdd\u8b77\u92fc\u7b4b\u7684\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u6307\u5b89\u88dd\u7684\u92fc\u7b4b\u8207\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u5916\u8868\u9762\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9019\u6bb5\u6700\u5c0f\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u4fdd\u8b77\u5c64\u6709\u5e7e\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4fdd\u8b77\u92fc\u7b4b\u514d\u53d7\u8150\u8755\u3001\u5145\u7576\u9694\u71b1\u5c64\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ba\u92fc\u7b4b\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u6df1\u5ea6\u4ee5\u767c\u63ee\u92fc\u7b4b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

12.\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u5e95\u677f\uff08Concrete Slab\uff09\uff1a\u662f\u5728\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u8f03\u5c11\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u69cb\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u7528\u65bc\u5efa\u9020\u5730\u677f\u6216\u5929\u82b1\u677f\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u539a\u5ea6\u7d04 10-40 \u516c\u5206\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6709\u56db\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\uff08\u6ce2\u7d0b\u677f\u3001\u5e36\u808b\u677f\u3001\u83ef\u592b\u683c\u677f\u3001\u55ae\u5411\u677f\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u90fd\u56e0\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u8981\u6c42\u6216\u8010\u4e45\u6027\u800c\u751f\u7522\u3002<\/p>\n

13. \u7a7a\u9593\u6539\u9020\uff08Construction Build-Out\uff09\uff1a\u6307\u7576\u539f\u6709\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u5df2\u4e0d\u80fd\u6eff\u8db3\u65b0\u696d\u4e3b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u627f\u79df\u8005\u6216\u71df\u9020\u5ee0\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u548c\u610f\u898b\u5f8c\uff0c\u70ba\u9054\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5c0d\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u9032\u884c\u6539\u9020\u6216\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002 14. \u6c34\u5e73\u780c\u9ad4\u5c64\uff08Course\uff09\uff1a\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u5b78\u6821<\/a>\u88e1\u4e0a\u7684\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5916\uff0c\u8a72\u8a5e\u532f\u9084\u7528\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u6392\u9023\u7e8c\u7684\u78da\u77f3\u780c\u9ad4\u5c64\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u77f3\u982d\u3001\u78da\u584a\u9084\u662f\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u584a\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u780c\u9ad4\u5c64\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u591a\u7a2e\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u985e\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

15.\u4ea4\u53c9\u652f\u6490\uff08Cross Bracing\uff09\uff1a\u4ea4\u53c9\u652f\u6490\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d50\u69cb\u90e8\u4ef6\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u63d0\u9ad8\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u8010\u4e45\u6027\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u652f\u6490\u53ef\u7528\u65bc\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u6a11\u67f1\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 X \u5f62\u652f\u6490\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u5728\u5730\u9707\u6642\u5b8c\u5168\u5012\u584c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6728\u6905\u7684\u6563\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u9752\u8863\u6c5f\u8def\u5c0f\u5b78\u6821<\/a> \/ \u8de1\u00b7\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240 \u00a9 \u662f\u7136\u5efa\u7bc9\u651d\u5f71<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u65e9\u7a3b\u7530\u5927\u5b78\u672c\u838a\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b78\u9662\u9ad4\u80b2\u9928 \/ \u65e5\u5efa\u8a2d\u8a08 \u00a9 Gankosha, Harunori Noda<\/p>\n

16. \u6316\u586b\u6cd5\uff08Cutand Fill\uff09\uff1a\u5728\u5efa\u9020\u9435\u8def\u548c\u904b\u6cb3\u6642\uff0c\u5de5\u4eba\u5011\u6703\u4fee\u5efa\u8def\u57fa\u908a\u5761\uff08\u50cf\u4e00\u500b\u5fae\u578b\u5c71\u8c37\u4e00\u6a23\uff09\u4f86\u5b89\u88dd\u4e26\u92ea\u8a2d\u9435\u8def\u3002\u88ab\u79fb\u52d5\u7684\u571f\u58e4\uff0c\u5373\u586b\u5145\u7269\uff0c\u96a8\u5f8c\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u76f8\u9130\u7684\u8def\u5824\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u6e1b\u5c11\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u73fe\u5728\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u65bc\u5404\u7a2e\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u5de5\u5730\u7684\u65bd\u5de5\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

17.\u9632\u6f6e\uff08Damp Proofing\uff09\uff1a\u7531\u65bc\u6f6e\u6fd5\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u65bd\u5de5\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9632\u6f6e\u662f\u5c0d\u7d50\u69cb\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u6975\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u6c34\u5206\u88ab\u7246\u58c1\u5438\u6536\u4e26\u9032\u5165\u5167\u90e8\u3002\u6839\u64da\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u53ca\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u6f6e\u6fd5\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u9694\u677f\u8207\u6700\u5916\u5c64\u7684\u98fe\u9762\u9593\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7a2e\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5145\u7576\u98fe\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u767c\u63ee\u9632\u6f6e\u548c\u9632\u6b62\u640d\u58de\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

18.\u8a2d\u8a08\u65bd\u5de5\u4e00\u9ad4\u5316\uff08Design-build\uff09\uff1a\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6578\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5169\u500b\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u5718\u968a\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6642\u9593\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u65bd\u5de5\u7d93\u5e38\u88ab\u63a8\u9072\u3002\u8a2d\u8a08\u65bd\u5de5\u4e00\u9ad4\u5316\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u55ae\u4f4d\u4e5f\u8ca0\u8cac\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5efa\u9020\u5b83\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5728\u8a72\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u65bd\u5de5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u300c\u9023\u7e8c\u7684\u55ae\u9ede\u8cac\u4efb\uff08single-point-responsibility\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u4e0d\u50c5\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6309\u6642\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u9084\u80fd\u5920\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

19.\u659c\u808b\u69cb\u67b6\uff08Diagrid\uff09\uff1a\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u975e\u5e38\u7c21\u55ae\uff1a\u5c0d\u89d2\u7dda+\u7db2\u683c\uff08diagonal + grid\uff09\u3002\u659c\u808b\u69cb\u67b6\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u89d2\u76f8\u4ea4\u7684\u92fc\u6881\u6846\u67b6\uff08\u6709\u6642\u662f\u6728\u88fd\u6216\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\uff09\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u65bc\u50b3\u7d71\u985e\u578b\u7684\u92fc\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7d50\u69cb\u80fd\u5920\u7bc0\u7701\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u92fc\u6750\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

20. \u5c01\u88dd\uff08Encasement\uff09\uff1a\u5728\u5efa\u7bc9\u5de5\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c01\u88dd\u53ef\u80fd\u6307\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u7d50\u69cb\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e0b\u6c34\u9053\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u4e0b\u7ba1\u9053\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5c01\u88dd\u5728\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u5916\u6bbc\u4e2d\uff1b\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u4e5f\u6307\u5c07\u5df2\u5b89\u88dd\u5728\u77f3\u68c9\u7b49\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u7684\u5371\u96aa\u6750\u6599\u5305\u88f9\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u91cd\u6176\u7d04\u514b\u90e1\u5149\u74b0\u8cfc\u7269\u516c\u5712<\/a> \/ PHA\u6e43\u6602 \u00a9 PHA\u6e43\u6602<\/p>\n

\"Diagrid.
Diagrid. Image via Unsplash (public domain)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

21. \u9df9\u67b6\uff08Falsework\uff09\uff1a\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u65bc\u5927\u578b\u7684\u62f1\u5f62\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u6a4b\u6881<\/a>\uff0c\u9df9\u67b6\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u81e8\u6642\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u5728\u65bd\u5de5\u6216\u7dad\u4fee\u671f\u9593\u652f\u6490\u548c\u4fdd\u6301\u7d50\u69cb\u8de8\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

22.\u6a21\u677f\uff08Formwork\uff09\uff1a\u6a21\u677f\u662f\u9df9\u67b6\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5925\u4f34\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u65bd\u5de5\u4e2d\u6703\u7528\u5230\u7684\u81e8\u6642\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5c07\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u5012\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u6c89\u964d\u548c\u51dd\u56fa\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u6f86\u7f6e\u51fa\u6240\u9700\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u69cb\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

23.\u63a5\u7e2b\uff08Joint\uff09\uff1a\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u6307\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6750\u6599\u69cb\u4ef6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6750\u6599\u69cb\u4ef6\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u7269\u7406\u9023\u63a5\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u7684\u5c0d\u9f4a\u6216\u8005\u4e0a\u4e0b\u91cd\u758a\u3002<\/p>\n

24.\u6258\u6881\uff08Joist\uff09\uff1a\u6258\u6881\u662f\u5927\u8de8\u5ea6\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u69cb\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5c07\u8377\u8f09\u5f9e\u6881\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u7acb\u67f1\u548c\u9694\u7246\u9f8d\u9aa8\u4e0a\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u69cb\u4ef6\u5728\u6c34\u5e73\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u8207\u6881\u5782\u76f4\u9023\u63a5\uff0c\u4e26\u76f4\u63a5\u843d\u5728\u67f1\u9ad4\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

25.\u7cbe\u76ca\u5efa\u9020\uff08Lean Construction\uff09\uff1a\u7cbe\u76ca\u5efa\u9020\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u958b\u767c\u7684\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u591a\u9805\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u6e1b\u5c11\u6750\u6599\u3001\u6642\u9593\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\u7684\u6d6a\u8cbb\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5be6\u73fe\u6709\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5efa\u9020\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u9f8d\u5ca9\u5de5\u4eba\u6587\u5316\u5bae \/ \u5929\u6d25\u83ef\u532f \u00a9 \u5b58\u5728\u5efa\u7bc9\u651d\u5f71<\/p>\n

\"\u4e01\u8700\u6210\u6821\uff0f\u4e99\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240
\u4e01\u8700\u6210\u6821\uff0f\u4e99\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240 \u00a9 \u9673\u9865<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"\u6258\u6881\uff08Joist\uff09\uff1a\u6258\u6881\u662f\u5927\u8de8\u5ea6\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u69cb\u4ef6\u00a9
\u6258\u6881\uff08Joist\uff09\uff1a\u6258\u6881\u662f\u5927\u8de8\u5ea6\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u69cb\u4ef6\u00a9 Pearson Scott Foresman via Wikimedia (public domain)<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

26.\u5347\u677f\u65bd\u5de5\uff08Lift Slab Construction\uff09\uff1a\u4e5f\u7a31\u70ba Youtz-Slick \u6cd5\uff0c\u5347\u677f\u65bd\u5de5\u6cd5\u78ba\u4fdd\u4e86\u65bd\u5de5\u4e2d\u7684\u6642\u9593\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u5177\u9ad4\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\uff1a\u4ee5\u5730\u576a\u70ba\u5e95\u6a21\uff0c\u5c31\u5730\u6f86\u7f6e\u5404\u5c64\u7684\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u677f\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u63a1\u53d6\u6db2\u58d3\u5343\u65a4\u9802\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u50c5\u7bc0\u7701\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4e5f\u514d\u53bb\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f80\u5de5\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u5728\u9ad8\u8655\u5275\u5efa\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u548c\u9ebb\u7169\u3002<\/p>\n

27.\u98db\u7c37\u693d\uff08Lookout\uff09\uff1a\u98db\u7c37\u693d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6728\u88fd\u6258\u6881\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u61f8\u81c2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u5916\u7246\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u652f\u6490\u5efa\u7bc9\u4e2d\u7684\u5c4b\u9802\u8986\u84cb\u5c64\u3002<\/p>\n

28.\u5730\u4e0b\u6392\u6c34\u6e9d\u8a2d\u7f6e\uff08Moling\uff09\uff1a\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u96bb 60 \u516c\u5206\u9577\u30016 \u516c\u5206\u5bec\u7684\u92fc\u5236\u300c\u9f34\u9f20\uff08mole\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u597d\u5427\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u63d2\u5165\u5730\u4e0b\u7684\u6c23\u52d5\u88dd\u7f6e\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5728\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u6e9d\u69fd\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u70ba\u5730\u4e0b\u7ba1\u9053\u3001\u52a0\u71b1\u76e4\u7ba1\u548c\u71b1\u6cf5\u7cfb\u7d71\u6253\u6d1e\u3002<\/p>\n

29.\u55ae\u9ad4\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u65bd\u5de5\uff08Monocrete Construction\uff09\uff1a\u55ae\u9ad4\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u65bd\u5de5\u662f\u6307\u50c5\u4f7f\u7528\u87ba\u6813\u4f86\u5c0d\u9810\u9444\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u69cb\u4ef6\u9032\u884c\u9023\u63a5\uff0c\u7e7c\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u71df\u9020\u5ee0\u6cd5\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u7a31\u70ba\u5168\u87ba\u6813\u9023\u63a5\u88dd\u914d\u5f0f\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u7d50\u69cb\uff08B-PC\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

30.\u7e3e\u6548\u5dee\u8ddd\uff08Performance Gap\uff09\uff1a\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u9031\u672b\u524d\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e09\u4efd\u8a2d\u8a08\u63d0\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u4f60\u592a\u7d2f\u4e86\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6700\u7d42\u53ea\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u3002\u7e3e\u6548\u5dee\u8ddd\u662f\u6307\u9810\u671f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u9032\u5ea6\u8207\u73fe\u5834\u7d50\u679c\u6709\u660e\u986f\u5dee\u8ddd\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u65bd\u5de5\u5de5\u85dd\u6216\u696d\u4e3b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u9810\u9444\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\uff08Precast
\u9810\u9444\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\uff08Precast Concrete\uff09\u00a9 Wikimedia user Factfile8 licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

31.\u9810\u9444\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\uff08Precast Concrete\uff09\uff1a\u4f5c\u70ba\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u9810\u9444\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5728\u5de5\u5730\u5916\u9810\u5148\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u69cb\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u5ee0\u751f\u7522\u5b8c\u6210\u5f8c\u518d\u8f49\u79fb\u6216\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u65bd\u5de5\u73fe\u5834\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5c0f\u7684\u780c\u584a\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5927\u7684\u677f\u6750\uff0c\u9810\u9444\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u90fd\u80fd\u6eff\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u6216\u985e\u578b\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e14\u59cb\u7d42\u4fdd\u6301\u8457\u5805\u56fa\u53c8\u6613\u65bc\u5b89\u88dd\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

32.\u6a81\u689d\uff08Purlin\uff09\uff1a\u6a81\u689d\u662f\u6307\u5728\u6c34\u5e73\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u4ee5\u5782\u76f4\u89d2\u5ea6\u92ea\u8a2d\u5728\u5c4b\u9802\u6881\u67b6\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u69cb\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5c0d\u984d\u5916\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u6216\u6750\u6599\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6490\u3002<\/p>\n

33.\u5de5\u7a0b\u91cf\u8a08\u7b97\uff08Quantity Take-off\uff09\uff1a\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u65bd\u5de5\u968e\u6bb5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f30\u7b97\u4eba\u54e1\u6703\u9032\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u7372\u53d6\u5b8c\u6210\u6240\u9700\u6750\u6599\u548c\u52de\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u6578\u64da\u3002\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u7a31\u70ba\u5de5\u7a0b\u91cf\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5e6b\u52a9\u958b\u767c\u4eba\u54e1\u5145\u5206\u77ad\u89e3\u65bd\u5de5\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u9810\u671f\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002<\/p>\n

34.\u693d\u67b6\uff08Rafter\uff09\uff1a\u693d\u67b6\u662f\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u50be\u659c\u7684\u6728\u69cb<\/a>\u4ef6\uff0c\u92ea\u8a2d\u5728\u6a81\u689d\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u652f\u6490\u5c4b\u9802\uff0c\u6c34\u5e73\u65b9\u5411\u8207\u5169\u7aef\u7684\u7246\u9ad4\u76f8\u63a5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5411\u5916\u4f38\u51fa\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u5c4b\u7c37\u3002<\/p>\n

35.\u908a\u7de3\u6258\u6881\uff08Rim Joist\uff09\uff1a\u5728\u6a13\u677f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u672b\u7aef\u6258\u6881\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u6392\u6258\u6881\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u689d\u548c\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u689d\u6258\u6881\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u6258\u6881\u5e73\u884c\u3002\u800c\u908a\u7de3\u6258\u6881\u5247\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8207\u9019\u6392\u6258\u6881\u7684\u672b\u7aef\u5782\u76f4\u9023\u63a5\u7684\u6258\u6881\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u70ba\u6a13\u677f\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u672b\u7aef\u63d0\u4f9b\u6a6b\u5411\u652f\u6490\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u8b07\u88e1\u5c0f\u93ae\u5c55\u89bd\u9928
\u8b07\u88e1\u5c0f\u93ae\u5c55\u89bd\u9928 \/ goa \u00a9 \u6b64\u9593\u5efa\u7bc9\u651d\u5f71<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7dad\u6208\u5927\u5b78\u96b1\u85cf\u5e02\u5340\u7684\u6728\u69cb\u9020\u65b0\u7e3d\u90e8
\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u7dad\u6208\u5927\u5b78\u96b1\u85cf\u5e02\u5340\u7684\u6728\u69cb\u9020\u65b0\u7e3d\u90e8 Edificio Redeiras \u2013 Universidade de Vigo\uff0fAbalo Alonso Arquitectos<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"\u693d\u67b6\uff08Rafter\uff09\uff1a\u693d\u67b6\u662f\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u50be\u659c\u7684\u6728\u69cb\u4ef6\"
\u693d\u67b6\uff08Rafter\uff09\uff1a\u693d\u67b6\u662f\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u50be\u659c\u7684\u6728\u69cb<\/a>\u4ef6<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

36.\u788e\u584a\u5316\uff08Rubblization\uff09\uff1a\u70ba\u4e86\u7bc0\u7701\u6642\u9593\u548c\u984d\u5916\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u73fe\u6709\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u5c07\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u788e\u584a\uff0c\u4e26\u7559\u5728\u539f\u8655\u4f5c\u70ba\u65b0\u8868\u9762\u7684\u57fa\u5c64\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u70ba\u5de5\u7a0b\u5ee2\u6599\u4e26\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u5225\u8655\u3002<\/p>\n

37.\u7bc4\u570d\u8513\u5ef6\uff08Scope Creep\uff09\uff1a\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u8868\u660e\u5c0d\u5efa\u7bc9\u9032\u884c\u7684\u6301\u7e8c\u8b8a\u66f4\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5df2\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u5176\u539f\u59cb\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u95dc\u9375\u8a08\u756b\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u95dc\u8005\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u7bc4\u570d\u8513\u5ef6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5167\u90e8\u6e9d\u901a\u5931\u8aa4\u548c\u67d0\u4e9b\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u767c\u751f\u5206\u6b67\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

38.\u642d\u758a\u58c1\u677f\uff08Shiplap\uff09\uff1a\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u898b\u904e\u642d\u758a\u58c1\u677f\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u7a31\u70ba\u6728\u677f\u3002\u642d\u758a\u58c1\u677f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5ec9\u50f9\u7684\u6728\u677f\u6216\u9762\u677f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u56fa\u5b9a\u5728\u7a40\u5009\u3001\u68da\u5c4b\u548c\u4f4f\u5b85\u7684\u5074\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

39.\u652f\u67f1\uff08Shoring\uff09\uff1a\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u662f\u6307\u5728\u65bd\u5de5\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u81e8\u6642\u7d44\u88dd\u91d1\u5c6c\u6216\u6728\u6750\u652f\u67f1\u4ee5\u652f\u6490\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u52a0\u56fa\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6839\u64da\u6240\u9700\u7684\u652f\u6490\u5f37\u5ea6\uff0c\u652f\u67f1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5782\u76f4\u3001\u6c34\u5e73\u6216\u5c0d\u89d2\u5b89\u88dd\u3002<\/p>\n

40.\u571f\u5806\uff08Soil Stockpile\uff09\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u5c0f\u6642\u5019\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u5806\u904e\u6c99\u5b50\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5427\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u8aaa\u7684\u571f\u5806\u6307\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u5927\u578b\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u7576\u63a8\u571f\u6a5f\u5728\u65bd\u5de5\u73fe\u5834\u6316\u6398\u571f\u58e4\u4e26\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u5806\u5728\u4e00\u908a\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u7522\u751f\u571f\u5806\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u571f\u5806\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u6703\u88ab\u6d6a\u8cbb\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6703\u88ab\u7528\u65bc\u5e73\u6574\u57fa\u5730\uff08\u53c3\u898b\u300c\u6316\u586b\u6cd5\u300d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u502b\u6566\u8a2d\u8a08\u8857\u5340\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4
\u502b\u6566<\/a>\u8a2d\u8a08\u8857\u5340\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4 \/ BAROZZI VEIGA \u00a9 Simon Menges<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"\u5927\u962a\u5b78\u9662\u9644\u5c6c\u9ad8\u4e2d\uff0f\u5317\u5ddd\u539f\u6eab\u5efa\u7bc9\u90fd\u5e02\u7814\u7a76\u6240\"
\u5927\u962a<\/a>\u5b78\u9662\u9644\u5c6c\u9ad8\u4e2d\uff0f\u5317\u5ddd\u539f\u6eab\u5efa\u7bc9\u90fd\u5e02\u7814\u7a76\u6240<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

41.\u9694\u7246\u9f8d\u9aa8\uff08Wall Stud\uff09\uff1a\u9694\u7246\u9f8d\u9aa8\u662f\u6728\u88fd\u6216\u92fc\u5236\u7246\u9ad4\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u5e6b\u52a9\u652f\u6490\u4e26\u50b3\u905e\u627f\u91cd\u7246\u548c\u975e\u627f\u91cd\u7246\u8377\u8f09\u7684\u8c4e\u5411\u69cb\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

42.\u4e0a\u90e8\u7d50\u69cb\uff08Superstructure\uff09\uff1a\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0a\u90e8\u7d50\u69cb\u662f\u6307\u5efa\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u69cb\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u8a72\u8853\u8a9e\u7528\u65bc\u63cf\u8ff0\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u9762\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u5728\u5730\u4e0b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5247\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u7a31\u70ba\u4e0b\u90e8\u7d50\u69cb\uff08substructure\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

43.\u8584\u6bbc\u7d50\u69cb\uff08Thin-Shell Structure\uff09\uff1a\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u5efa\u7bc9\u4e2d\u7d93\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7531\u8f15\u8cea\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u69cb\u4ef6\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u65bc\u5c4b\u9802\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5927\u578b\u69cb\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5f4e\u66f2\u7684\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u67d0\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u80fd\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u6750\u6599\u539a\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\"Oceanografic
Oceanografic Valencia\u63a1\u7528\u300c\u8584\u6bbc\u7d50\u69cb\uff08Thin-Shell Structure\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u73fe\u4ee3\u5efa\u7bc9\u7d93\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u8584\u6bbc\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u7531\u8f15\u8cea\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u69cb\u4ef6\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u65bc\u5c4b\u9802<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

44.\u7a7a\u5fc3\u7246\uff08Cavity Wall\uff09\uff1a\u7576\u9047\u5230\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u5169\u500b\u7246\u9ad4\u69cb\u4ef6\u7121\u6cd5\u5408\u4e26\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6642\uff0c\u7a7a\u5fc3\u7246\u4e2d\u7684\u9023\u63a5\u9ad4\uff08Ties\uff09\u5c31\u958b\u59cb\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u9023\u63a5\u9ad4\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u5851\u81a0\u6216\u91d1\u5c6c\u7d72\u88fd\u6210\uff0c\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u5169\u7a2e\u6750\u6599\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u300c\u7d81\uff08tying\uff09\u300d\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n

45.\u5c01\u9802\uff08Topping Out\uff09\uff1a\u5c01\u9802\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u53e4\u4ee3\u65af\u582a\u5730\u90a3\u7dad\u4e9e\u534a\u5cf6\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u662f\u6307\u5efa\u9020\u8005\u5728\u7d50\u69cb\u9802\u90e8\u5b89\u88dd\u6728\u6a11\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u7ae3\u5de5\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5c01\u9802\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u5efa\u7bc9\u6700\u4e0a\u90e8\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u90e8\u4ef6\u5b89\u88dd\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5efa\u8a2d\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\u4eac\u6771\u897f\u5357\u7e3d\u90e8\u5927\u6a13
\u4eac\u6771\u897f\u5357\u7e3d\u90e8\u5927\u6a13<\/a>\uff0fgmp<\/figcaption><\/figure>
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46.Trombe\u7246\uff1aTrombe\u7246\u662f\u5c08\u70ba\u5bd2\u51b7\u570b\u5bb6\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u592a\u967d\u80fd\u5efa\u7bc9\u69cb\u4ef6\uff0c\u7531\u6cd5\u570b<\/a>\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b Felix Trombe \u548c\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b Jacques Michel \u5728 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u958b\u767c\u3002\u8207\u6eab\u5ba4\u539f\u7406\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u5236\u662f\u5148\u5728\u5e36\u6709\u958b\u53e3\u7684\u7246\u5916\u5efa\u9020\u4e00\u5c64\u73bb\u7483\u5916\u5c64\uff0c\u5728\u51ac\u5b63\u967d\u5149\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5438\u6536\u71b1\u91cf\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5728\u591c\u9593\u7de9\u6162\u91cb\u653e\u71b1\u91cf\u3002\u63a1\u53d6\u7246\u9ad4\u7684\u958b\u53e3\uff0c\u71b1\u91cf\u6703\u88ab\u50b3\u905e\u5230\u5ba4\u5167\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u591c\u9593\u7684\u6eab\u6696\u3002<\/p>\n

47.\u57fa\u790e\u6258\u63db\uff08Underpinn<\/a>ing\uff09\uff1a\u57fa\u790e\u6258\u63db\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u52a0\u5f37\u73fe\u6709\u7d50\u69cb\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u6280\u8853\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5efa\u7bc9\u9ad4\u662f\u8981\u843d\u5728\u65e2\u6709\u7d50\u69cb\u9ad4\u4e0a\uff0c\u57fa\u790e\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u65bc\u8001\u5316\u6216\u640d\u58de\u800c\u8b8a\u5f97\u4e0d\u5920\u5805\u56fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u7121\u6cd5\u627f\u8f09\u65b0\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u3002\u6839\u64da\u6bcf\u500b\u7d50\u69cb\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u63d0\u6848\uff0c\u57fa\u790e\u6258\u63db\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5c0d\u5927\u9ad4\u7a4d\u7684\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u57fa\u790e\u9032\u884c\u6258\u63db\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5fae\u578b\u7684\u6a01\u5f0f\u6258\u63db\u3002<\/p>\n

48.VDC\uff1a\u865b\u64ec\u8a2d\u8a08\u8207\u65bd\u5de5\uff08Virtual Design & Construction\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u5305\u62ec\u8a72\u5efa\u7bc9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8de8\u9818\u57df\u5167\u5bb9\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5167\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u65bc\u5de5\u7a0b\u5efa\u6a21\uff08\u7522\u54c1\u3001\u6d41\u7a0b\uff09\u3001\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u57fa\u65bc\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u3001\u8abf\u5ea6\u3001\u6210\u672c\u8a08\u7b97\u548c\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

49.\u7a7a\u5fc3\u96d9\u5411\u677f\uff08Voided Biaxial Slab\uff09\uff1a\u70ba\u4e86\u80fd\u5920\u964d\u4f4e\u5927\u8de8\u5ea6\u92fc\u7b4b\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u677f\u7684\u6210\u672c\u548c\u91cd\u91cf\uff0cJoseph-Louis Lambot \u6c7a\u5b9a\u5728\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u780c\u584a\u5167\u90e8\u88fd\u9020\u7a7a\u9699\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\u88fd\u6210\u7684\u677f\u6750\u5728\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e86\u6df7\u51dd\u571f\u7528\u91cf\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4ecd\u4fdd\u6301\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5916\u89c0\u548c\u6574\u9ad4\u8010\u4e45\u6027\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u677f\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u7a7a\u5fc3\u96d9\u5411\u677f\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u5efa\u8a2d\u65bd\u5de5\u4e2d\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

50.\u5206\u5340\uff08Zoning\uff09\uff1a\u5206\u5340\u6cd5\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\u5b9a\uff0c\u8a72\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u898f\u7684\u5be6\u65bd\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u65bc\u5e6b\u52a9\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u898f\u5283\u5e2b\u5011\u78ba\u5b9a\u5efa\u7bc9\u9650\u5236\u689d\u4ef6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002\u7c21\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f4f\u5b85\u5340\u5167\u80fd\u53ea\u6709\u4f4f\u5b85\uff0c\u5546\u696d\u5340\u5167\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u5546\u5834\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\"UCCA\u6c99\u4e18\u7f8e\u8853\u9928\/
UCCA\u6c99\u4e18\u7f8e\u8853\u9928<\/a>\uff0fOPEN \u5efa\u7bc9\u4e8b\u52d9\u6240<\/figcaption><\/figure>
\"Tom
Tom Hegen’s ‘The Quarry Series’ captures open pit mining in Augsburg, Germany<\/a>. Image \u00a9 Tom Hegen<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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