{"id":284743,"date":"2007-03-01T17:25:51","date_gmt":"2007-03-01T09:25:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forgemind.net\/media\/?p=284743"},"modified":"2022-12-01T17:31:31","modified_gmt":"2022-12-01T09:31:31","slug":"%e7%8e%8b%e4%bf%8a%e9%9b%84%ef%bc%9a%e5%bb%ba%e7%af%89%e5%81%9a%e7%82%ba%e4%b8%80%e7%a8%ae%e5%bc%b1%e5%b0%88%e6%a5%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forgemind.net\/media\/%e7%8e%8b%e4%bf%8a%e9%9b%84%ef%bc%9a%e5%bb%ba%e7%af%89%e5%81%9a%e7%82%ba%e4%b8%80%e7%a8%ae%e5%bc%b1%e5%b0%88%e6%a5%ad\/","title":{"rendered":"\u738b\u4fca\u96c4\uff1a\u5efa\u7bc9\u505a\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f31\u5c08\u696d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u738b\u4fca\u96c4<\/a> (\u6de1\u6c5f\u5927\u5b78\u5efa\u7bc9\u7cfb<\/a>\u526f\u6559\u6388\u3001\u5efa\u7bc9\u6539\u9769\u5408\u4f5c\u793e\u5e79\u4e8b)<\/p>\n

\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u5f31\u5c08\u696d\u300d\uff0c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u5c0d\u5176\u5c08\u696d\u5167\u6db5\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e0d\u6e05\uff0c\u751a\u800c\u5c0d\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\u62b1\u6301\u8457\u53ef\u6709\u53ef\u7121\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u5efa\u6539\u793e<\/a>\u6210\u7acb\u6642\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u554f\u5377\uff0c\u5373\u5c07\u6b64\u73fe\u8c61\u986f\u9732\u7121\u907a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\uff1f<\/h3>\n

\u7576\u88ab\u554f\u5230\u4f55\u8b02\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u6642\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u7684\u6c11\u773e\uff08\u8fd1\u4e09\u6210\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u5c31\u662f\u5f88\u6703\u8cfa\u9322\u7684\u5efa\u5546\uff0c\u53e6\u6709\u8fd1\u4e8c\u6210\u516b\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u7533\u8acb\u5efa\u7167\u7684\u7e6a\u5716\u5e2b\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u52a0\u8d77\u4f86\u5df2\u5c07\u8fd1\u516d\u6210\uff1b\u800c\u9078\u9805\u4e2d\u88ab\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\u8005\u81ea\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c08\u696d\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u300c\u6539\u5584\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u8005\u300d\uff0c\u5247\u50c5\u7372\u5f97\u4e00\u6210\u4e94\u6c11\u773e\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u6a23\u4ee4\u4eba\u6c23\u9912\u7684\u554f\u5377\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u53f0\u7063\u5efa\u7bc9\u754c\u800c\u8a00\u61c9\u8a72\u4e26\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\uff0c\u591a\u6578\u9577\u5e74\u6295\u8eab\u65bc\u6b64\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u65e9\u5c31\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u8b93\u4eba\u4e0d\u8212\u670d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8a8d\u77e5\uff0c\u9019\u6b21\u554f\u5377\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u5c07\u6b64\u9577\u671f\u554f\u984c\u518d\u6b21\u5730\u76f4\u63a5\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u8a8d\u540c\u5ea6\u6700\u4f4e<\/h3>\n

\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u5e38\u611b\u81ea\u8a61\u70ba\u300c\u56db\u5e2b\u300d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u91ab\u5e2b\u3001\u5f8b\u5e2b\u548c\u6703\u8a08\u5e2b\u7b49\uff0c\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u537b\u5927\u6982\u662f\u793e\u6703\u8a8d\u540c\u5ea6\u6700\u4f4e\u8005\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u5011\u9019\u500b\u793e\u6703\u61c9\u8a72\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u500b\u5225\u91ab\u5e2b\u7684\u826f\u83a0\u4e0d\u9f4a\uff0c\u800c\u89ba\u5f97\u91ab\u751f\u662f\u500b\u53ef\u6709\u53ef\u7121\u7684\u5c08\u696d\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u91ab\u5e2b\u5c08\u696d\u5167\u5bb9\u4e5f\u4e0d\u81f3\u65bc\u6703\u8aa4\u8a8d\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5728\u6211\u5011\u793e\u6703\u88e1\uff0c\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u6703\u5982\u6b64\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f31\u5c08\u696d\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u5efa\u7bc9\u70ba\u4f55\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f31\u5c08\u696d\uff1f<\/h3>\n

\u4ed4\u7d30\u6aa2\u8a0e\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e3b\u8981\u8207\u5169\u7a2e\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u4f86\u8003\u5bdf\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6(the State)\u6240\u4e3b\u5c0e\uff0c\u6c11\u9593\u793e\u6703\u539f\u5c31\u7121\u7f6e\u5599\u9918\u5730\uff1b\u800c\u7576\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\u4e3b\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u56e0\u6b64\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u7d71\u6cbb\u6a5f\u5668\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u6642\uff0c\u66f4\u62c9\u958b\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u8207\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\u4e4b\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53f0\u7063\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u5c08\u696d\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\uff0c\u96d6\u53ef\u4e0a\u6eaf\u81f3\u65e5\u672c<\/a>\u6b96\u6c11\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3b\u8981\u67b6\u69cb\u8207\u8a8d\u77e5\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u59cb\u65bc1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u570b\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u9077\u53f0\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u800c\u81f31970\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u5efa\u5236\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u9019\u6bb5\u671f\u9593\u7531\u65bc\u6b63\u662f\u570b\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5a01\u6b0a\u7d71\u6cbb\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u5c08\u696d\u5236\u5ea6\u5efa\u5236\u904e\u7a0b\u56e0\u6b64\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5728\u516c\u5171\u9818\u57df\u88e1\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u8faf\u8ad6\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u89d2\u529b\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\u7121\u6cd5\u7372\u53d6\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8a8d\u540c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u773e\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u53ea\u6709\u8208\u5efa\u623f\u820d\u6642\uff0c\u7121\u5948\u56e0\u6cd5\u5f8b\u898f\u5b9a\u5fc5\u9808\u627e\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u7c3d\u8b49\u65b9\u5f97\u5b8c\u6210\u76f8\u95dc\u624b\u7e8c\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u771f\u6b63\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u800c\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u5728\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u6309\u6cd5\u898f\u7e6a\u88fd\u5e7e\u5f35\u6240\u8b02\u57f7\u7167\u5716\u7684\u88ab\u52d5\u6b21\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u5f88\u96e3\u4ee4\u5927\u773e\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7528\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u51fa\u73fe\u89ba\u5f97\u756b\u5e7e\u5f35\u5716\u5c31\u6536\u90a3\u9ebc\u591a\u9322\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u5f88\u597d\u8cfa\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u554f\u5377\u4e2d\uff0c\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\u88ab\u8a31\u591a\u5927\u773e\u8a8d\u77e5\u70ba\u300c\u7533\u8acb\u5efa\u7167\u7684\u7e6a\u5716\u5e2b\u300d\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u754c\uff0c\u5728\u7372\u53d6\u9019\u500b\u540d\u5be6\u4e26\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b26\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u5b89\u6392\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u4e26\u672a\u80fd\u5bdf\u89ba\u5176\u4e2d\u8af7\u523a\u6027\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u800c\u8b19\u865b\u5730\u5f4c\u88dc\u62c9\u8fd1\u793e\u6703\u671f\u671b\u4e4b\u843d\u5dee\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u5c07\u6b64\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u7279\u6b0a\uff0c\u7576\u6210\u6649\u8eab\u8f03\u9ad8\u793e\u6703\u968e\u7d1a\u8207\u7372\u53d6\u8ca1\u5bcc\u4e4b\u9014\uff0c\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u5c07\u5c08\u696d\u7576\u6210\u8cc7\u672c\u7d2f\u7a4d\u4e4b\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c24\u5176\u75761970\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u9032\u5165\u623f\u5730\u7522\u958b\u767c\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u8ff7\u822a\u66f4\u662f\u660e\u986f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\u8005\u7d1b\u8f49\u884c\u7576\u5efa\u5546\u5916\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u76f4\u63a5\u626e\u6f14\u8d77\u9ed1\u5fc3\u5efa\u5546\u7684\u770b\u9580\u72d7\u6216\u8005\u906e\u7f9e\u5e03\uff0c\u6216\u4e7e\u8106\u6191\u95dc\u4fc2\u7d93\u71df\u5efa\u7167\u4ef2\u4ecb\uff0c\u800c\u5f15\u4f86\u6bcf\u6b21\u623f\u5730\u7522\u958b\u767c\u919c\u805e\u5e7e\u4e4e\u90fd\u6709\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u727d\u6d89\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u554f\u5377\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u90a3\u9ebc\u591a\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u8a8d\u70ba\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\u8005\u662f\u300c\u5f88\u6703\u8cfa\u9322\u7684\u5efa\u5546\u300d\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u8207\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u9019\u6bb5\u96c6\u9ad4\u7d93\u9a57\u6709\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n

1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7576\u5c08\u696d\u6539\u9769\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u53f0\u7063\u793e\u6703\u4e00\u80a1\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53cd\u7701\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u53f8\u6539\u6703\u3001\u91ab\u6539\u6703\u7b49\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u8207\u666e\u904d\u7372\u5f97\u793e\u6703\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u9072\u81f32006\u5e74\u624d\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u5efa\u6539\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u50c5\u662f\u51f8\u986f\u4e86\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\u754c\u7684\u81ea\u7701\u4e0d\u8db3\u8207\u6539\u9769\u529b\u9053\u7684\u8584\u5f31\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8ad6\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u5206\u6790\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f31\u5c08\u696d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f86\u81ea\u5c08\u696d\u8005\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u81ea\u7701\u7acb\u5834\u5fd8\u537b\u4e86\u5c08\u696d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u516c\u5171\u4eba\u300d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u56e0\u6b64\u624d\u6703\u4e0d\u70ba\u6240\u5728\u793e\u7fa4\u6240\u656c\u91cd\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u5728\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u5c08\u696d\u5236\u5ea6\u5df2\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u65bd\u884c\u8d85\u904e60\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5f8c\u9084\u6703\u906d\u53d7\u793e\u6703\u5f62\u8c61\u4e0d\u660e\u4e4b\u6065\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u77ad\u89e3\uff0c\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5f9e\u5de5\u5177\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u662f\u900f\u904e\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u5efa\u5236\uff0c\u8b93\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u584a\u806f\u5408\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7279\u6b0a\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7279\u6b0a\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u6388\u8207\uff0c\u5176\u771f\u6b63\u57fa\u790e\u662f\u9019\u500b\u5c08\u696d\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u5176\u6240\u5728\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u8981\u5f62\u6210\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u793e\u6703\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u8b93\u793e\u6703\u5fc3\u7518\u60c5\u9858\u5730\u5272\u8b93\u51fa\u9019\u584a\u7279\u6b0a\u9818\u57df\u7d66\u5c08\u696d\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u8b93\u5927\u773e\u6e05\u695a\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u6709\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\u8005\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u662f\u78ba\u5be6\u6703\u8b93\u5be6\u8cea\u74b0\u5883\u7372\u5f97\u4ee4\u4eba\u6eff\u610f\u7684\u6539\u5584\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6bcf\u65e5\u90fd\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u5982\u8a31\u8271\u9245\u7121\u6cd5\u6295\u6a5f\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u91cd\u5efa\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\u8005\uff0c\u4f60\u5011\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u5f31\u5c08\u696d\u300d\uff0c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u5c0d\u5176\u5c08\u696d\u5167\u6db5\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e0d\u6e05\uff0c\u751a\u800c\u5c0d\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c08\u696d\u62b1\u6301\u8457\u53ef\u6709\u53ef\u7121\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u5efa\u6539\u793e\u6210\u7acb\u6642\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u554f\u5377\uff0c\u5373\u5c07\u6b64\u73fe\u8c61\u986f\u9732\u7121\u907a\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1396,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[918,24],"tags":[306,944,3258,324],"class_list":{"0":"post-284743","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-career","8":"category-architecture-practice","9":"tag-306","10":"tag-944","11":"tag-3258","12":"tag-324"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/forgemind.net\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/284743","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/forgemind.net\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/forgemind.net\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forgemind.net\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forgemind.net\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=284743"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/forgemind.net\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/284743\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forgemind.net\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/forgemind.net\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=284743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forgemind.net\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=284743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/forgemind.net\/media\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=284743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}