{"id":391969,"date":"2023-09-03T16:35:02","date_gmt":"2023-09-03T08:35:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forgemind.net\/media\/?p=391969"},"modified":"2025-09-03T16:45:35","modified_gmt":"2025-09-03T08:45:35","slug":"void-in-architecture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/forgemind.net\/media\/void-in-architecture\/","title":{"rendered":"\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\uff01\u63a2\u7a76\u300c\u865b\u9ad4\u300d\u5728\u7a7a\u9593\u9ad4\u9a57\u4e2d\u7684\u9996\u8981\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5c0e\u8ad6\uff1a\u7121\u5f62\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/h2>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u8207\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u672c\u8cea<\/h3>\n

\u5be6\u9ad4\u8207\u865b\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u81f3\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\uff08Gestalt psychology\uff09\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u539f\u5247\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u5716\u5e95\u95dc\u4fc2\u6cd5\u5247\u300d\uff08law of figure-ground\uff09\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u6b64\u4e00\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u8a72\u6cd5\u5247\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u5fc3\u667a\u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u52d5\u5730\u5c07\u8996\u89ba\u5834\u666f\u5206\u96e2\u70ba\u524d\u666f\u7684\u300c\u5716\u300d\uff08figure\uff09\u548c\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u300c\u5e95\u300d\uff08ground\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e26\u975e\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u52d5\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5927\u8166\u70ba\u4e86\u5728\u5468\u906d\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5c0b\u627e\u79e9\u5e8f\u8207\u610f\u7fa9\u800c\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4e3b\u52d5\u5efa\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f71\u97ff\u5716\u5e95\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u56e0\u7d20\u5305\u62ec\u5c0d\u6bd4\u5ea6\uff08contrast\uff09\u8207\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff08size\uff09\u3002\u9ad8\u5c0d\u6bd4\u5ea6\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5716\uff0c\u800c\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u9762\u7a4d\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u611f\u77e5\u70ba\u5e95\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u767d\u7d19\u4e0a\u7684\u9ed1\u5b57\uff0c\u6587\u5b57\u662f\u5716\uff0c\u7d19\u5f35\u662f\u5e95 \u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e26\u975e\u7e3d\u662f\u7a69\u5b9a\u4e0d\u8b8a\u3002\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300c\u9b6f\u8cd3\u4e4b\u76c3\u300d\uff08Rubin vase\uff09\u4fbf\u662f\u300c\u53ef\u9006\u5716\u5e95\u95dc\u4fc2\u300d\uff08reversible figure-ground\uff09\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u89c0\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6642\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u9ed1\u8272\u7684\u676f\u5b50\uff08\u5716\uff09\u6216\u5169\u5f35\u767d\u8272\u7684\u5074\u81c9\uff08\u5716\uff09\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u76f8\u4e92\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u8996\u89ba\u5f35\u529b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u5b58\u5728\u300c\u6a21\u7cca\u5716\u5e95\u95dc\u4fc2\u300d\uff08ambiguous figure-ground\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u540c\u6642\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5716\u8207\u5e95\u3002\u6b64\u4e00\u611f\u77e5\u539f\u5247\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u5b83\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u300c\u865b\u9ad4\u300d\uff08\u5e95\uff09\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u8207\u300c\u5be6\u9ad4\u300d\uff08\u5716\uff09\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u662f\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u3001\u4e92\u70ba\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\uff1b\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u5fc5\u7136\u5c0e\u81f4\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u7f3a\u4e00\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002\u9019\u76f4\u63a5\u5370\u8b49\u4e86\u300c\u865b\u9ad4\u300d\u8207\u300c\u5be6\u9ad4\u300d\u76f8\u61c9\u76f8\u751f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u70ba\u5efa\u7bc9\u8207\u90fd\u5e02\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u5716\u5e95\u95dc\u4fc2<\/h3>\n

\u5728\u5efa\u7bc9\u8207\u90fd\u5e02\u898f\u5283\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u5716\u5e95\u95dc\u4fc2\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u539f\u5247\u8f49\u5316\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u8207\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5373\u300c\u5716\u5e95\u5716\u300d\uff08figure-ground diagram\uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5716\u793a\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u5c07\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u91cf\u9ad4\u4ee5\u5be6\u5fc3\u9ed1\u8272\uff08poch\u00e9<\/i>\uff09\u8868\u793a\u70ba\u300c\u5716\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u5c07\u7531\u8857\u9053\u3001\u5ee3\u5834\u3001\u516c\u5712<\/a>\u7b49\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u958b\u653e\u7a7a\u9593\u4ee5\u767d\u8272\u8868\u793a\u70ba\u300c\u5e95\u300d\u6216\u300c\u865b\u7a7a\u9593\u300d\uff08void\uff09\u3002\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u8207\u898f\u5283\u5e2b\u904b\u7528\u6b64\u5de5\u5177\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u90fd\u5e02\u5f62\u614b\u5b78\uff08urban morphology\uff09\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u7d0b\u7406\uff08grain\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5efa\u6210\u8207\u672a\u5efa\u6210\u7a7a\u9593\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u67ef\u6797\u00b7\u7f85\u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\uff0c\u5927\u529b\u5021\u5c0e\u4f7f\u7528\u5716\u5e95\u5716\u4f86\u6279\u5224\u73fe\u4ee3\u90fd\u5e02\u7684\u7834\u788e\u5316\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u57ce\u5e02\u898f\u5283\u5e38\u5e38\u5c0e\u81f4\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u6210\u70ba\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\uff0c\u6f02\u6d6e\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u865b\u7a7a\u9593\uff08\u5982\u505c\u8eca\u5834\uff09\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5716\u5e95\u5716\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u5f62\u614b\u4e0a\u7684\u5931\u8861 8<\/sup>\u3002\u8207\u6b64\u76f8\u5c0d\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5716\u5e95\u5716\u5247\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u5efa\u7bc9\u91cf\u9ad4\uff08\u5716\uff09\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u3001\u9023\u7e8c\u7684\u90fd\u5e02\u7e54\u7406\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u865b\u7a7a\u9593\uff08\u5e95\uff09\u88ab\u660e\u78ba\u5730\u754c\u5b9a\u8207\u5851\u9020\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u6709\u6642\u6703\u63a1\u7528\u300c\u53cd\u8f49\u5716\u5e95\u5716\u300d\uff08reverse figure-ground\uff09\uff0c\u5c07\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u7e6a\u88fd\u6210\u767d\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u5c07\u7a7a\u9593\u7e6a\u88fd\u6210\u9ed1\u8272\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u5f37\u8feb\u89c0\u8005\u5c07\u300c\u7a7a\u9593\u300d\u672c\u8eab\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7a4d\u6975\u3001\u6709\u5f62\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u5c0d\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5269\u9918\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5716\u5e95\u5716\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u5167\u5728\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5176\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u4e8c\u7dad\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u90fd\u5e02\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u5411\u5ea6\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u5982\u5730\u5f62\u8d77\u4f0f\u8207\u5efa\u7bc9\u9ad8\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u50b3\u9054\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\u54c1\u8cea 6<\/sup>\u3002\u9019\u5728\u5de5\u5177\u8207\u5176\u6240\u50ac\u751f\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u985e\u578b\u4e4b\u9593\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u56e0\u679c\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u904e\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5716\u5e95\u5716\u9032\u884c\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4e0d\u81ea\u89ba\u5730\u5c07\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u5716\u5f62\u69cb\u6210\u512a\u5148\u65bc\u4e09\u7dad\u7684\u3001\u8eab\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u9ad4\u9a57\u3002\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u5728\u5716\u7d19\u4e0a\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4eba\u9ad4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u537b\u662f\u5931\u6557\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5716\u5e95\u5716\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u6f5b\u85cf\u8457\u4e00\u7a2e\u5371\u96aa\uff1a\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5f37\u5316\u4e00\u7a2e\u62bd\u96e2\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u8996\u89ba\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6070\u6070\u662f\u5c07\u4eba\u985e\u6d3b\u52d5\u7f6e\u65bc\u9996\u4f4d\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u89c0\u9ede\u6240\u9700\u8981\u8b66\u60d5\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\uff0c\u5c07\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u300c\u5716\u300d\u3001\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u300c\u5e95\u300d\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u975e\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u5206\u6790\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6558\u4e8b\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\u3002\u8afe\u5229\u7684\u5730\u5716\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u516c\u5171\u865b\u7a7a\u9593\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u6545\u4e8b\uff1b\u800c\u4e00\u5f35\u5178\u578b\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u90ca\u5340\u5716\u5e95\u5716\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u80fd\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u5b64\u7acb\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u548c\u505c\u8eca\u5834\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u758f\u96e2\u6545\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u5716\u5e95\u5716\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u4fee\u8fad\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u8aaa\u670d\u89c0\u8005\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u770b\u5f85\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u5c07\u865b\u7a7a\u9593\u8a2d\u5b9a\u70ba\u300c\u5716\u300d\uff08\u5982\u53cd\u8f49\u5716\u5e95\u5716\uff09\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u91cd\u5851\uff0c\u5b83\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u7a7a\u9593\u8996\u70ba\u90fd\u5e02\u5287\u78bc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\u3002\u9019\u8207\u5c07\u865b\u7a7a\u9593\u5167\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u6d3b\u52d5\u8996\u70ba\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5171\u9cf4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc0\uff1a\u5177\u8eab\u9ad4\u611f\u7684\u865b\u9ad4\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u8996\u89d2<\/h2>\n

\u5c0d\u8996\u89ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6279\u5224<\/h3>\n

\u70ba\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u865b\u7a7a\u9593\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e8c\u7dad\u7684\u5716\u5f62\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u9032\u5165\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\uff08phenomenology\uff09\u7684\u9818\u57df\u3002\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u5efa\u7bc9\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u5c0d\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u9577\u671f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u300c\u8996\u89ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\uff08ocularcentrism\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u6279\u5224\u3002\u82ac\u862d\u5efa\u7bc9\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u5c24\u54c8\u5c3c\u00b7\u5e15\u62c9\u65af\u746a\uff08Juhani Pallasmaa\uff09\u5728\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u808c\u819a\u4e4b\u773c\u300b\uff08The Eyes of the Skin\uff09\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u73fe\u4ee3\u5efa\u7bc9\u904e\u5ea6\u504f\u91cd\u8996\u89ba\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u5275\u9020\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u3001\u9069\u5408\u62cd\u7167\u7684\u5716\u50cf\uff0c\u537b\u5ffd\u8996\u4e86\u807d\u89ba\u3001\u89f8\u89ba\u3001\u55c5\u89ba\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u611f\u5b98\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57 13<\/sup>\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u504f\u57f7\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u758f\u96e2\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u300d\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u6210\u70ba\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u65c1\u89c0\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u53c3\u8207\u8005\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u524a\u5f31\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u300c\u5b58\u65bc\u4e16\u4e0a\u300d\uff08being-in-the-world\uff09\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u611f\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e15\u62c9\u65af\u746a\u7684\u540d\u8a00\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u6982\u62ec\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u5177\u8eab\u9ad4\u611f\uff08embodied\uff09\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u9ad4\u9a57\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u7528\u6211\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5c0d\u6297\u57ce\u5e02\uff1b\u6211\u7684\u96d9\u817f\u4e08\u91cf\u8457\u62f1\u5eca\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\u2026\u2026\u6211\u68f2\u5c45\u65bc\u57ce\u5e02\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u4ea6\u68f2\u5c45\u65bc\u6211\u3002\u300d\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u865b\u7a7a\u9593\u4e26\u975e\u7a7a\u7121\u4e00\u7269\u7684\u771f\u7a7a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5145\u6eff\u611f\u5b98\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u6240\u611f\u53d7\u3001\u8046\u807d\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u79fb\u52d5\u3002\u9032\u5165\u5927\u6559\u5802<\/a>\u9580\u5f8c\u90a3\u300c\u9ed1\u6697\u7684\u865b\u7a7a\u300d\uff08dark void\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u8996\u89ba\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8abf\u52d5\u5168\u8eab\u611f\u5b98\u7684\u6c89\u6d78\u5f0f\u9ad4\u9a57 \u3002<\/p>\n

\u89f8\u89ba\u8207\u5468\u908a\u8996\u89ba<\/h3>\n

\u5728\u5e15\u62c9\u65af\u746a\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u89f8\u89ba\u662f\u300c\u6240\u6709\u611f\u5b98\u4e4b\u6bcd\u300d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u900f\u904e\u808c\u819a\u611f\u53d7\u7246\u58c1\u7684\u8cea\u5730\u3001\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u3001\u7a7a\u6c23\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u9ad4\u9a57\u865b\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u89f8\u89ba\u7dad\u5ea6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f37\u8abf\u300c\u5468\u908a\u8996\u89ba\u300d\uff08peripheral vision\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5468\u908a\u8996\u89ba\u5c07\u6211\u5011\u300c\u5305\u88f9\u5728\u7a7a\u9593\u4e4b\u4e2d\u300d\uff0c\u8207\u4e4b\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u9ad4\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u300c\u7126\u9ede\u8996\u89ba\u300d\uff08focused vision\uff09\u5247\u5c07\u6211\u5011\u300c\u63a8\u51fa\u7a7a\u9593\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u6210\u70ba\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u65c1\u89c0\u8005\u300d\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u5982\u540c\u68ee\u6797\u822c\u8c50\u5bcc\u591a\u8b8a\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5145\u5206\u6fc0\u767c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5468\u908a\u8996\u89ba\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5728\u5834\u611f\u8207\u6c89\u6d78\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u5f9e\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e86\u300c\u865b\u9ad4\u300d\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u518d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u5716\u5e95\u5716\u4e2d\u7684\u767d\u8272\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e09\u7dad\u7684\u3001\u5145\u6eff\u5171\u9cf4\u7684\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u611f\u5b98\u7684\u5834\u57df\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u56de\u97f3\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u3001\u6c23\u5473\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7a7f\u884c\u4e26\u5f62\u6210\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u5834\u6240\u3002\u5efa\u7bc9\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u5851\u9020\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u8abf\u7bc0\u9019\u500b\u7121\u5f62\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u5834\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u865b\u7a7a\u9593\u4e26\u975e\u62bd\u8c61\u6216\u6c38\u6046\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u627f\u8f09\u8457\u6642\u9593\u7684\u6d41\u901d\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u7a4d\u6fb1\u3002\u5e15\u62c9\u65af\u746a\u66fe\u6279\u5224\u73fe\u4ee3\u5efa\u7bc9\u6750\u6599<\/a>\u5982\u92fc\u7b4b\u8207\u73bb\u7483\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u4e0d\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u7522\u751f\u53e4\u96c5\u7684\u5149\u6fa4\uff08patina\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6642\u9593\u611f\u7684\u3001\u7121\u83cc\u7684\u865b\u7a7a\u3002\u8207\u4e4b\u76f8\u5c0d\uff0c\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u7684\u5929\u7136\u6750\u6599\u2014\u2014\u5982\u88ab\u6b72\u6708\u78e8\u640d\u7684\u77f3\u968e\u3001\u88ab\u7121\u6578\u96d9\u624b\u89f8\u6478\u800c\u8b8a\u5f97\u6eab\u6f64\u7684\u6276\u624b\u2014\u2014\u5247\u8a18\u9304\u4e26\u898b\u8b49\u4e86\u6642\u9593\u7684\u8ecc\u8de1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u591a\u91cd\u611f\u5b98\u7684\u3002\u5c0d\u7ae5\u5e74\u5c45\u6240\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5f35\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u5716\u50cf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u3001\u6c23\u5473\u8207\u89f8\u611f\u4ea4\u7e54\u800c\u6210\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u611f\u53d7\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u865b\u7a7a\u9593\u4e26\u975e\u300c\u7a7a\u300d\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u6642\u9593\u8207\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u7121\u5f62\u5370\u8a18\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f9e\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u89d2\u5ea6\u9032\u884c\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u5728\u5851\u9020\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5728\u5275\u9020\u4e00\u500b\u80fd\u5920\u5bb9\u7d0d\u4e26\u559a\u8d77\u9019\u4e9b\u6642\u9593\u8207\u8a18\u61b6\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u3002\u9019\u5c07\u300c\u865b\u9ad4\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u9593-\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u8907\u5408\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u5c0d\u611f\u5b98\u9ad4\u9a57\u7684\u5ffd\u8996\uff0c\u8207\u5efa\u7bc9\u8a2d\u8a08\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u5167\u5728\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u5e15\u62c9\u65af\u746a\u6279\u5224\u96fb\u8166\u8f14\u52a9\u8a2d\u8a08\u5728\u300c\u5275\u4f5c\u8005\u8207\u7269\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u88fd\u9020\u4e86\u8ddd\u96e2\u300d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6dea\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u88ab\u52d5\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u64cd\u4f5c\u300d\u3002\u9019\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u5982\u624b\u7e6a\u548c\u88fd\u4f5c\u5be6\u9ad4\u6a21\u578b\u2014\u2014\u5f62\u6210\u9bae\u660e\u5c0d\u6bd4\u3002\u5f8c\u8005\u4e0d\u50c5\u8abf\u52d5\u8996\u89ba\uff0c\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u878d\u5165\u4e86\u89f8\u89ba\uff08haptic\uff09\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u8b93\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u80fd\u5920\u540c\u6642\u300c\u8655\u65bc\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u8207\u5916\u90e8\u300d\u3002\u9019\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u689d\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u93c8\uff1a\u8a2d\u8a08\u5de5\u5177\u5f9e\u89f8\u89ba\u4e3b\u5c0e\uff08\u925b\u7b46\u3001\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u8f49\u5411\u7d14\u7cb9\u8996\u89ba\u4e3b\u5c0e\uff08\u96fb\u8166\u87a2\u5e55\uff09\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u8a2d\u8a08\u904e\u7a0b\u672c\u8eab\u5c0d\u8996\u89ba\u7684\u904e\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8cf4\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u50ac\u751f\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u611f\u5b98\u5c64\u9762\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ca7\u4e4f\u3001\u7121\u6cd5\u8207\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u8eab\u9ad4\u7522\u751f\u5171\u9cf4\u7684\u5efa\u6210\u74b0\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u7bc0\uff1a\u865b\u9ad4\u7684\u5171\u9cf4\u2014\u2014\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u300c\u9593\u300d\u4e4b\u6982\u5ff5<\/h2>\n

\u5728\u63a2\u8a0e\u865b\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u8c50\u5bcc\u5167\u6db5\u6642\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u65e5\u672c<\/a>\u7f8e\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u300c\u9593\u300d\uff08Ma\uff09\u5c07\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u6975\u5177\u555f\u767c\u6027\u7684\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u8996\u89d2\u3002\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8868\u683c\u5c0d\u672c\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u6838\u5fc3\u7a7a\u9593\u6982\u5ff5\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u5c07\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u91d0\u6e05\u5b83\u5011\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7279\u9ede\u8207\u95dc\u806f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u7279\u5fb5<\/td>\n\u5716\u5e95\u7406\u8ad6 (Figure-Ground Theory)<\/td>\n\u865b\u7a7a\u9593 (Void Space, Steven Holl)<\/td>\n\u9593 (Ma)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u601d\u60f3\u6e90\u6d41<\/b><\/td>\n\u683c\u5f0f\u5854\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u90fd\u5e02\u88fd\u5716\u5b78\uff08\u8afe\u5229\uff09<\/td>\n\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u85dd\u8853<\/td>\n\u79aa\u5b97\u3001\u65e5\u672c<\/a>\u7f8e\u5b78<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5247<\/b><\/td>\n\u5be6\u9ad4\u8207\u865b\u9ad4\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\uff1b\u90fd\u5e02\u7d0b\u7406\u7684\u5206\u6790<\/td>\n\u5c07\u865b\u9ad4\u8996\u70ba\u9996\u8981\u7684\u3001\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff1b\u5be6\u9ad4\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u53cd\u8f49<\/td>\n\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u9593\u9694\uff1b\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u505c\u9813\u6216\u7e2b\u9699<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd<\/b><\/td>\n\u7528\u65bc\u5b9a\u7fa9\u5f62\u5f0f\u8207\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6027\u8207\u69cb\u6210\u6027\u5de5\u5177<\/td>\n\u7528\u65bc\u5851\u9020\u5149\u7dda\u3001\u52d5\u7dda\u8207\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u96d5\u5851\u6027\u8207\u9ad4\u9a57\u6027\u5de5\u5177<\/td>\n\u7528\u65bc\u5275\u9020\u7bc0\u594f\u3001\u7126\u9ede\u8207\u51a5\u60f3\u6c1b\u570d\u7684\u7f8e\u5b78\u6027\u8207\u7cbe\u795e\u6027\u5de5\u5177<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5b9a\u7fa9\u300c\u9593\u300d\u2014\u2014\u5b58\u65bc\u5176\u9593<\/h3>\n

\u300c\u9593\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u610f\u6db5\u8c50\u5bcc\u4e14\u5c64\u6b21\u591a\u5143\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e38\u88ab\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u9593\u9694\u300d\uff08interval\uff09\u3001\u300c\u7e2b\u9699\u300d\uff08gap\uff09\u3001\u300c\u505c\u9813\u300d\uff08pause\uff09\u6216\u300c\u8ca0\u7a7a\u9593\u300d\uff08negative space\uff09\u3002\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u300c\u9593\u300d\u540c\u6642\u6307\u6d89\u4e86\u7a7a\u9593\u8207\u6642\u9593\u5169\u500b\u7dad\u5ea6 \u3002\u5176\u6f22\u5b57\u300c\u9593\u300d\u7531\u300c\u9580\u300d\u8207\u300c\u65e5\u300d\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u559a\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u5e45\u967d\u5149\u7a7f\u900f\u9580\u7e2b\u7684\u8a69\u610f\u756b\u9762\u2014\u2014\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7d55\u4f73\u7684\u96b1\u55bb\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u300c\u9593\u300d\u4e26\u975e\u7a7a\u7121\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u6f5b\u80fd\u8207\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u865b\u7a7a\u3002\u5b83\u4e26\u975e\u88ab\u52d5\u7684\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u300d\uff08active element\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u523b\u610f\u71df\u9020\u7684\u300c\u6709\u610f\u5473\u7684\u7121\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u65e5\u672c<\/a>\u50b3\u7d71\u85dd\u8853\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u9593\u300d\u7684\u904b\u7528\u7121\u8655\u4e0d\u5728\u3002\u5728\u80fd\u5287\u6216\u8336\u9053\u5100\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8868\u6f14\u8005\u52d5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u975c\u6b62\u6216\u6c89\u9ed8\uff0c\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5f80\u5f80\u8d85\u904e\u4e86\u6709\u8072\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u6216\u8a00\u8a9e\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u672c<\/a>\u6c34\u58a8\u756b\u4e2d\uff0c\u756b\u9762\u4e0a\u672a\u8457\u7b46\u58a8\u7684\u7559\u767d\u5340\u57df\uff08\u4f59\u767d\uff09\uff0c\u8207\u88ab\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684\u7269\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u540c\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5b83\u5f15\u5c0e\u89c0\u8005\u9032\u884c\u66f4\u6df1\u5c64\u7684\u601d\u8003\u8207\u60f3\u50cf\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u90fd\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a4d\u6975\u73cd\u8996\u4e26\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7d93\u71df\u300c\u4e4b\u9593\u300d\uff08in-between\uff09\u7684\u6587\u5316\u611f\u53d7\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5efa\u7bc9\u88e1\u7684\u300c\u9593\u300d<\/h3>\n

\u5728\u5efa\u7bc9\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u300c\u9593\u300d\u9ad4\u73fe\u70ba\u7d50\u69cb\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u3001\u7531\u53ef\u79fb\u52d5<\/a>\u7684\u5c4f\u98a8\uff08\u5982\u969c\u5b50\u3001\u8956\uff09\u6240\u754c\u5b9a\u7684\u6d41\u52d5\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5efa\u7bc9\u7269\u8207\u5176\u5ead\u5712\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5b83\u95dc\u4e4e\u5275\u9020\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u7bc0\u594f\u611f\u8207\u6d41\u52d5\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8336\u5ba4\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u5e8a\u4e4b\u9593\u300d\uff08tokonoma\uff0c\u58c1\u9f95\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5468\u570d\u523b\u610f\u7559\u51fa\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u50c5\u64fa\u653e\u4e00\u5e45\u639b\u8ef8\u6216\u4e00\u4ef6\u63d2\u82b1\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u5f97\u7559\u767d\u672c\u8eab\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u9451\u8cde\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u751a\u81f3\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u9910\u5ef3\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u5e73\u5766\u7684\u9910\u684c\u300d\uff08flat table\uff09\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u610f\u6307\u5275\u9020\u4e00\u500b\u8b93\u4e0d\u540c\u601d\u60f3\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u7528\u9910\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u300c\u9593\u300d\u5728\u793e\u6703\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u61c9\u7528\u3002\u5728\u66f4\u70ba\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u300c\u9593\u300d\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u7a2e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7dca\u5f35\u3001\u5145\u6eff\u6f5b\u80fd\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5982\u528d\u5ba2\u5c0d\u5cd9\u6642\u90a3\u300c\u6bba\u6c23\u9a30\u9a30\u7684\u77ac\u9593\u300d\uff0c\u7f8e\u611f\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u9593\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7406\u89e3\u865b\u7a7a\u9593\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3001\u66f4\u70ba\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7dad\u5ea6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u5716\u5e95\u7406\u8ad6\u4e3b\u8981\u95dc\u6ce8\u5be6\u9ad4\u8207\u865b\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u300c\u95dc\u4fc2\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u300c\u9593\u300d\u5247\u66f4\u5074\u91cd\u65bc\u865b\u9ad4\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5167\u5728\u300c\u54c1\u8cea\u300d\u8207\u300c\u610f\u7fa9\u300d\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u88ab\u6709\u610f\u8b58\u5730\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u3001\u5145\u6eff\u610f\u6db5\u7684\u300c\u7121\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u9593\u300d\u5c0d\u672c\u6b21\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u5728\u5716\u5e95\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u57fa\u672c\u7f3a\u5e2d\u7684\u6642\u9593\u7dad\u5ea6\u3002\u6e90\u81ea\u8afe\u5229\u5730\u5716\u7684\u5716\u5e95\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\uff0c\u672c\u8cea\u4e0a\u662f\u518d\u73fe\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u6642\u9593\u9ede\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u5207\u7247\uff0c\u662f\u975c\u614b\u7684\u3002\u800c\u300c\u9593\u300d\u5247\u660e\u78ba\u5730\u88ab\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u7a7a\u9593\u300c\u8207\u300d\u6642\u9593\u4e0a\u7684\u9593\u9694\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u5c0d\u8a71\u4e2d\u7684\u505c\u9813\u3001\u6a02\u66f2\u4e2d\u7684\u4f11\u6b62\u7b26\u3001\u8336\u9053\u4e2d\u7b49\u5f85\u7684\u7247\u523b\u3002\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u5efa\u7bc9\u865b\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u5176\u5e7e\u4f55\u5f62\u72c0\uff0c\u66f4\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u7a7f\u884c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6642\u9593\u9577\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7bc0\u594f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u300c\u9593\u300d\u70ba\u897f\u65b9\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u88dc\u5145\u8207\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u5b83\u555f\u793a\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u8981\u771f\u6b63\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u300c\u865b\u9ad4\u300d\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u500b\u627f\u8f09\u4eba\u985e\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u5834\u6240\u2014\u2014\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u5fc5\u9808\u50cf\u7de8\u821e\u5bb6\u6216\u4f5c\u66f2\u5bb6\u4e00\u6a23\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u7de8\u6392\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u66f4\u8981\u7de8\u6392\u5e8f\u5217\u3001\u6642\u9577\u8207\u7bc0\u594f\u3002\u9019\u8207\u5c07\u300c\u6d3b\u52d5\u300d\u672c\u8eab\u8996\u70ba\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4e0d\u8b00\u800c\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u7bc0\uff1a\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5927\u5e2b\u2014\u2014\u8a2d\u8a08\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76<\/h2>\n

5.1 \u96d5\u5851\u7684\u865b\u9ad4\uff1a\u53f2\u8482\u6587\u00b7\u970d\u723e\uff08Steven Holl\uff09<\/h3>\n

\u7f8e\u570b<\/a>\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u53f2\u8482\u6587\u00b7\u970d\u723e\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u5c07\u865b\u7a7a\u9593\u8996\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u9996\u8981\u7684\u3001\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u3001\u751f\u6210\u6027\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6df1\u53d7\u73fe\u8c61\u5b78\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u878d\u5408\u7a7a\u9593\u3001\u5149\u7dda\u8207\u8108\u7d61\u3002\u970d\u723e\u4e26\u975e\u5c07\u865b\u9ad4\u8996\u70ba\u5be6\u9ad4\u570d\u5851\u5f8c\u7684\u5269\u9918\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c07\u5176\u4f5c\u70ba\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u4e3b\u52d5\u7684\u96d5\u5851\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u65e5\u672c<\/a>\u798f\u5ca1\u7684\u300c\u865b\u7a7a\u9593\/\u9278\u93c8\u7a7a\u9593\u96c6\u5408\u4f4f\u5b85<\/a>\u300d\uff08Void Space \/ Hinge Space Housing\uff09\u9805\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u970d\u723e\u660e\u78ba\u5730\u4ee5\u300c\u865b\u7a7a\u9593\u300d\u70ba\u4e3b\u984c\u3002\u5efa\u7bc9\u7531\u56db\u500b\u671d\u5317\u7684\u300c\u6d3b\u8e8d\u300d\u865b\u9ad4\u8207\u56db\u500b\u671d\u5357\u7684\u300c\u5be7\u975c\u300d\u865b\u9ad4\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u932f\u3001\u9396\u5b9a\u69cb\u6210\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u300c\u5c07\u795e\u8056\u611f\u76f4\u63a5\u5e36\u5165\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u300d\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u865b\u7a7a\u9593\u4e0d\u50c5\u5177\u6709\u8996\u89ba\u4e0a\u7684\u7a7f\u900f\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5177\u5099\u5be6\u7528\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u6bcf\u500b\u55ae\u5143\u90fd\u80fd\u64c1\u6709\u591a\u9762\u5411\u7684\u958b\u53e3\u3002\u970d\u723e\u66f4\u900f\u904e\u5149\u7dda\u8207\u6c34\u4f86\u5f37\u5316\u9019\u4e9b\u865b\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\u611f\uff0c\u671d\u5357\u7684\u865b\u5ead\u88ab\u8a2d\u8a08\u70ba\u975c\u614b\u6c34\u6c60\uff0c\u6355\u6349\u5929\u7a7a\u7684\u5149\u5f71\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u5c07\u9583\u720d\u7684\u5012\u5f71\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u516c\u5bd3\u7684\u5ba4\u5167\u5929\u82b1\u677f\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4ed6\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u81ea\u5b85\u64f4\u5efa\u9805\u76ee\u300cEx of In House\u300d\u4e2d\uff0c\u970d\u723e\u5c07\u5c0d\u300c\u5167\u90e8\u865b\u9ad4\u300d\uff08inn<\/a>er voids\uff09\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u63a8\u5411\u6975\u81f4\u3002\u9019\u5ea7\u4f4f\u5b85\u88ab\u69cb\u60f3\u70ba\u5be6\u9ad4\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u300c\u53cd\u8f49\u300d\uff08inversion\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5e7e\u4f55\u5f62\u614b\u7531\u76f8\u4ea4\u7684\u7403\u9ad4\u7a7a\u9593\u8207\u68af\u5f62\u9ad4\u584a\u69cb\u6210\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u58d3\u7e2e\u7684\u3001\u5145\u6eff\u5167\u90e8\u865b\u9ad4\u7684\u300d\u5efa\u7bc9\u3002\u6700\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u5165\u53e3\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6728\u8cea<\/a>\u7403\u5f62\u865b\u7a7a\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u8a2d\u8a08\u7b56\u7565\u76f4\u63a5\u5c0d\u6297\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u90ca\u5340\u4f4f\u5b85\u5411\u666f\u89c0\u7121\u9650\u8513\u5ef6\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u5c0d\u970d\u723e\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u865b\u9ad4\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u96d5\u5851\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ed6\u7531\u5167\u800c\u5916\u5730\u96d5\u523b\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5e7e\u4f55\u9ad4\u7684\u4ea4\u932f\u8207\u7a7f\u63d2\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u8907\u96dc\u800c\u52d5\u614b\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u865b\u9ad4\u4e0d\u662f\u5efa\u7bc9\u7684\u7f3a\u5e2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u5f62\u72c0\u8207\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u4e4b\u5728\u5834\u3002<\/p>\n

5.2 \u8a69\u610f\u7684\u865b\u9ad4\uff1a\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u7f85\u00b7\u897f\u85a9\uff08Alvaro Siza\uff09<\/h3>\n

\u8461\u8404\u7259<\/a>\u5efa\u7bc9\u5927\u5e2b\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u7f85\u00b7\u897f\u85a9<\/a>\u5247\u5c55\u73fe\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u8655\u7406\u865b\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u7cbe\u6e5b\u6280\u85dd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8aaa\u970d\u723e\u662f\u5c07\u865b\u9ad4\u7576\u4f5c\u300c\u7269\u9ad4\u300d\u4f86\u96d5\u5851\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u897f\u85a9<\/a>\u5247\u662f\u5c07\u865b\u9ad4\u7576\u4f5c\u300c\u8def\u5f91\u300d\u4f86\u7de8\u6392\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u65bc\u5c0d\u300c\u79fb\u52d5\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u300d\u7684\u7d30\u81a9\u95dc\u6ce8 \u3002\u897f\u85a9<\/a>\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u4e26\u975e\u975c\u614b\u7684\u8996\u89ba\u69cb\u5716\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7b56\u5283\u7684\u4e00\u5834\u300c\u5efa\u7bc9\u6f2b\u6b65\u300d\uff08promenade architecturale\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u7a7a\u9593\u9ad4\u9a57\u96a8\u8457\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u79fb\u52d5\u800c\u5f90\u5f90\u5c55\u958b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u897f\u85a9<\/a>\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u904e\u7a0b\u6975\u5bcc\u76f4\u89ba\u6027\uff0c\u5e38\u59cb\u65bc\u300c\u5feb\u901f\u800c\u7dca\u5f35\u7684\u901f\u5beb\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u901f\u5beb\u6355\u6349\u7684\u662f\u5efa\u7bc9\u5f62\u5f0f\u8207\u4eba\u9ad4\u3001\u8207\u57fa\u5730\u4e4b\u9593\u6700\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5c0d\u5730\u65b9\u7d0b\u7406\u3001\u6750\u6599\u8207\u5149\u7dda\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u6975\u5927\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u662f\u300c\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5730\u57df\u4e3b\u7fa9\u300d\uff08Critical Regionalism\uff09\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\u3002\u4ed6\u96d6\u7136\u4e5f\u904b\u7528\u5716\u5e95\u539f\u5247\u4f86\u7d44\u7e54\u7a7a\u9593\u5c64\u7d1a\uff0c\u4f46\u624b\u6cd5\u66f4\u70ba\u5167\u96b1\u8207\u8a69\u610f\u3002\u5c0d\u897f\u85a9<\/a>\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u300c\u4e4b\u9593\u300d\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u2014\u2014\u8f49\u6298\u7684\u8d70\u5eca\u3001\u6846\u5b9a\u7279\u5b9a\u666f\u89c0\u7684\u7a97\u6236\u3001\u8abf\u7bc0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u5761\u9053\u2014\u2014\u624d\u662f\u5efa\u7bc9\u7684\u9748\u9b42\u3002\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u7522\u751f\u65bc\u65c5\u9014\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7d42\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c07\u970d\u723e\u8207\u897f\u85a9<\/a>\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e26\u7f6e\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7576\u4ee3\u5efa\u7bc9\u5c0d\u865b\u9ad4\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u6839\u672c\u6027\u8faf\u8b49\u3002\u970d\u723e\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u300cEx of In House\u300d\uff0c\u5c07\u865b\u9ad4\u8655\u7406\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u3001\u7531\u5be6\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6e1b\u53bb\u7684\u5f62\u9ad4\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u96d5\u523b\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u7269\u9ad4\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5e7e\u4f55\u908f\u8f2f\uff08\u7403\u9ad4\u3001\u68af\u5f62\uff09\u3002\u800c\u897f\u85a9<\/a>\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5247\u5c07\u865b\u9ad4\u8996\u70ba\u7cbe\u5fc3\u4f48\u7f6e\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u300c\u7d50\u679c\u300d\u3002\u865b\u9ad4\u662f\u7a7f\u884c\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u9ad4\u300c\u4e4b\u9593\u300d\u7684\u79fb\u52d5\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u5176\u5f62\u5f0f\u7531\u79fb\u52d5\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\u6240\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6e90\u65bc\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b78\u3002\u9019\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5f15\u4eba\u6df1\u601d\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5c0d\u6bd4\uff1a\u865b\u9ad4\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u540d\u8a5e\u300d\uff08\u4e00\u500b\u7269\u9ad4\u3001\u4e00\u4ef6\u6771\u897f\uff09\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u52d5\u8a5e\u300d\uff08\u4e00\u7a2e\u9ad4\u9a57\u3001\u4e00\u5834\u79fb\u52d5\uff09\uff1f\u6b64\u4e00\u5340\u5206\u4e26\u975e\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u904a\u6232\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u5411\u4e86\u5169\u7a2e\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u3002\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u970d\u723e\u5f0f\u300d\u7684\u9032\u8def\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f9e\u865b\u9ad4\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\u51fa\u767c\uff1b\u800c\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u897f\u85a9<\/a>\u5f0f\u300d\u7684\u9032\u8def\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u80fd\u5f9e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u9810\u671f\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u518d\u4f48\u7f6e\u5be6\u9ad4\u4f86\u570d\u5851\u5b83\u3002\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u5c07\u865b\u9ad4\u7f6e\u65bc\u512a\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u9014\u5f91\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5169\u7a2e\u6839\u672c\u76f8\u7570\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u54f2\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u516d\u7bc0\uff1a\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u9ad4\u73fe\u2014\u2014\u5730\u65b9\u8108\u7d61\u4e0b\u7684\u865b\u5be6\u95dc\u4fc2<\/h2>\n

\u90fd\u5e02\u8108\u7d61\uff1a\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8207\u6df7\u5408\u6027<\/h3>\n

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\u53f0\u7063\u5efa\u7bc9\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n

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