Anish Kapoor, Cecil Balmond聯手設計2012年倫敦奧運塔ArcelorMittal Orbit

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Anish Kapoor, Cecil Balmond聯手設計2012年倫敦奧運塔ArcelorMittal Orbit

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2010年3月31日,倫敦市長 Boris Johnson 與 ArcelorMittal 公司總裁 Lakshmi Mittal 對媒體發表,由著名藝術家 Anish Kapoor 與 Arup 工程顧問公司副主席 Cecil Balmond 設計的 2012年倫敦奧運塔「ArcelorMittal Orbit」模型,這座地標塔式建築將於2012年倫敦奧運期間迎接世界各地的遊客,高115米的倫敦奧運塔「ArcelorMittal Orbit」由一系列錯綜複雜的鋼鐵螺旋結構組成,將成為倫敦歷史上最大的公共藝術品。

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↗ Anish Kapoor 與 Cecil Balmond 設計的 2012年倫敦奧運塔 ArcelorMittal Orbit 電腦模擬 01

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↗ Anish Kapoor 與 Cecil Balmond 設計的 2012年倫敦奧運塔 ArcelorMittal Orbit 電腦模擬 02



The Mayor of London Boris Johnson and Lakshmi Mittal, Chairman and CEO of ArcelorMittal, today unveiled the artist and design chosen to create a spectacular new visitor attraction in the Olympic Park.

Award winning London-based artist Anish Kapoor has been given the commission of a lifetime to design the spectacular new public attraction in the Olympic Park. The stunning artwork, to be entitled 『The ArcelorMittal Orbit』, was designed in collaboration with a team at Arup's advanced geometric design unit, led by Cecil Balmond and Daniel Bosia and will ensure the Park remains an unrivalled visitor destination following the 2012 Games, providing the key Olympic legacy Mayor of London Boris Johnson envisaged for London's east end.

The breathtaking sculpture – thought to be the tallest in the UK - will consist of a continuous looping lattice of tubular steel. Standing at a gigantic 115m, it will be 22m taller than the Statue of Liberty in New York and offer unparalleled views of the entire 250 acres of the Olympic Park and London』s skyline from a special viewing platform. Visitors will be able to take a trip up the statuesque structure in a huge lift and will have the option of walking down the spiralling staircase.

One of the world's most distinguished contemporary artists, Turner Prize winning Anish Kapoor studied in London, where he is now based. He is well known for his use of rich pigment and imposing, yet popular works, such as the vast, fleshy and trumpet-like Marsyas, which filled the Tate's Turbine Hall as part of the Unilever Series, the giant reflecting, pod like sculpture Cloud Gate in Chicago's Millennium Park and his recent record breaking show at the Royal Academy, the most successful exhibition ever presented by a contemporary artist in London.

ArcelorMittal will fund up to £16million of the £19.1million project with the outstanding £3.1 million provided by the London Development Agency. The unveiling also marks ArcelorMittal』s announcement to become a tier two sponsor of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, to support the infrastructure and success of 2012.

The Mayor of London Boris Johnson and the Olympics Minister Tessa Jowell agreed the commission in partnership with Mr Mittal after bringing together a panel from the art and design world to advise on a long list of proposals. Anish Kapoor』s team made an outstanding proposal that would be accessible and leave a fitting 2012 legacy.

Anish Kapoor said: "I am deeply honoured to be invited to undertake this challenging commission. I am particularly attracted to it because of the opportunity to involve members of the public in a particularly close and personal way. It is the commission of a lifetime."

London Mayor Boris Johnson said: "Long after the Games are over our aim is to have a stunning spectacle in east London that will be recognised around the world. I』m thrilled that when visitors from every corner of the globe plan trips to our must see attractions they will now eagerly include the ArcelorMittal Orbit! It will be an internationally acclaimed family attraction and I would like to thank Mr Mittal for his generous support. Anish Kapoor's inspired art work will truly encapsulate the energy and spirit of London during the Games and as such will become the perfect iconic cultural legacy."

Lakshmi Mittal, CEO of ArcelorMittal, commented: "The Olympic Games are one of the few truly iconic global events. I was immediately excited by the prospect of ArcelorMittal becoming involved because ArcelorMittal is a global company with operations in more than 60 countries. And as someone who lives in this great city, I remember the great excitement felt when it was announced that London had been selected to host the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. We set out to create a transformational piece of art that will be an iconic symbol for the Olympics and also a new landmark that will endure long after the Games themselves. Everyone at ArcelorMittal is delighted with the outcome of the ArcelorMittal Orbit. London will have a bold, beautiful and magnificent sculpture that also showcases the great versatility of steel."

Cecil Balmond said: "Being invited to collaborate on tower for London was an irresistible challenge. What is new in this piece is the geometry and how it』s been put together. We want people to forget the engineering, the construction, the materials and simply 『experience』 it. All tower structures are pyramidical, but we wanted to see if we could create a structure with a non-linear form- an orbit that turns and gathers strength from each loop."

The attraction will stand in the southern part of the Olympic Park between the Stadium and Aquatics Centre and will open in time for the 2012 Games. After completion, the Olympic Park Legacy Company will take ownership and run the visitor attraction.

Minister for the Olympics and London Tessa Jowell said: "This stunning structure will become a new iconic London landmark towering 115 metres into the London skyline. Alongside the Olympic Stadium and Aquatics Centre, Anish Kapoor』s brilliant design will be like to honey to bees for the millions of tourists that visit London each year. Having been involved in this project from the outset, I』m now looking forward to seeing it go from a great idea into a brilliant reality."

Chairman of the London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOCOG), Seb Coe said: "Our ambitions for the Games are very clear and very simple. We want to leave leaving a lasting legacy: of more young people playing sport, of changing public attitudes towards disabilities through the Paralympic Games, of an extraordinarily transformed landscape in East London, in which this impressive sculpture will play a central role. The new sculpture will be an indelible memory, a declaration of legacy and a definable landmark that Londoners and people from around the world will enjoy visiting during the Games and long afterwards."

Margaret Ford, Chairman of the Olympic Park Legacy Company, said: "When you are able to combine an industry leader with a world renowned artist, supported by significant investment, we clearly see the significance of the Olympic Park. This visitor attraction will sit alongside our other iconic venues and, in animating the site, will encourage the public to use the park. This is a magnificent legacy asset."

Advisory panel members Julia Peyton-Jones and Hans Ulrich Obrist of the Serpentine Gallery, said: "The success of Anish Kapoor's Marsyas commission Tate Modern in 2003 and his exhibition at the Royal Academy in 2009 demonstrates that his work already strikes a chord with many people. His close partnership with the distinguished engineer Cecil Balmond has created the exciting prospect of a sculpture to be climbed, an unexpected view of the city and a new place to visit and enjoy in London."

Tate Director Sir Nicholas Serota, who sat on the advisory panel, said: "We are delighted that Anish Kapoor with Cecil Balmond will give London a new structure which is one of the most exciting new commissions of our time. The collaboration between Anish Kapoor, Cecil Balmond and Lakshmi Mittal bridges art, architecture, engineering and business to produce a new landmark for London."
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奧運塔亮相 倫敦人說不 扭曲狀像糾纏的腸子

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奧運塔亮相倫敦人說不 扭曲狀像糾纏的腸子
北京新浪網 (2010-04-07 10:38)

3月31日,倫敦市長鮑裡斯-約翰遜與著名藝術家阿尼什-卡普爾雙雙出現在倫敦市政廳,為倫敦『奧運塔』模型揭幕。這意味著在2012 年倫敦奧運會上,一座標誌性的塔式建築將迎接世界各地的遊客。『奧運塔』由一系列錯綜複雜的鋼鐵螺旋結構組成,將成為倫敦歷史上最大的公共藝術品。

然而,英國各大媒體在第一時間不約而同地就這項設計展開問卷調查,這樣的舉動非常罕見,也從一個側面說明卡普爾的設計從一開始即引發巨大爭議。調查的結果也證明了這一點。

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↗ Anish Kapoor 設計的 2012年倫敦奧運塔,倫敦人說不!扭曲狀像糾纏的腸子

《每日郵報》在網上問卷調查題目是:『你如何看待卡普爾造價1900萬英鎊的倫敦「奧運塔」?』讀者有兩個選擇『喜歡』或『不喜歡』。結果,到4月2日晚上,回答『不喜歡』的人數佔了86%!

《衛報》幾乎在同一時間推出了類似的調查,問卷的題目是:『你認為卡普爾設計的「奧運塔」是一項偉大設計嗎?』讀者同樣有兩項選擇『是的,它是一個偉大的設計』或『不,它是一堆垃圾』。結果到4月2日晚,認為『它是一堆垃圾』的讀者所佔的比例高達61.2%!

人們不禁要問:倫敦人怎麼了?他們為什麼對卡普爾的這一設計如此不滿?設計大師卡普爾把這座『奧運塔』與埃菲爾鐵塔相提並論,問題是,這兩座建築果真有可比性嗎?

『水煙壺』比『自由女神』高

倫敦市長鮑裡斯-約翰遜以叛逆、不拘小節而聞名,前年身著邋遢的西裝出席北京奧運會開幕式引發如雷抨擊的正是他。所以,當他與獲得過特納獎的藝術家阿尼什‧卡普爾雙雙為『奧運塔』揭開神秘面紗後,人們普遍認為這一設計實在怪異,但應該很合約翰遜的心意。

約翰遜甚至為這座將裝點英國首都地平線的新建築準備了一個恰如其分的名字。由於倫敦『奧運塔』外形好似一個阿拉伯水煙壺,他乾脆稱之為『水煙壺』。可是,這不是一個普通的『水煙壺』,而是需要用重金打造的『水煙壺』──造價接近2000萬英鎊。

『水煙壺』有望在幾週內動工,它的正式vW稱為『阿塞洛‧米塔爾軌道』(Arcelor Mittal Orbit)。從模型可以看出,卡普爾設計的『水煙壺』是一座不對稱的塔式建築,高度將達到377英呎(約合115米),比紐約『自由女神』像還高。這座高塔將建在193英呎(約合58米)高的奧林匹克體育場附近,將建有一個觀景台以及一個戶外人行道。登塔之後,可以俯瞰奧林匹克公園,每小時可接待大約 700名遊客。

設計師和資助者都是印度裔

卡普爾的設計是在擊敗其他競爭對手後中標的。在3月31日舉行的模型揭幕儀式上,今年56歲的卡普爾表示,能夠獲得為首都倫敦建造一座與巴黎埃菲爾鐵塔相媲美的建築這樣的機會,他興奮得有些發抖:『埃菲爾耗盡畢生精力設計這座鐵塔,與他一較高下是一件非常自大的事情。我們所要做的就是儘可能做到最好。』這位藝術家本人也承認,這座深紅色螺旋結構看上去有些怪異,給人一種馬上就要倒塌的感覺。當然,設計師完成了複雜的力學運算,它不可能輕易倒塌。

『水煙壺』將在奧雅納工程顧問公司副主席塞西爾‧巴爾蒙德的幫助下建造。2002年,巴爾蒙德曾與卡普爾合作,共同為泰特現代藝術館的輪機房大廳打造紅色大喇叭『馬斯亞斯』。目前,第一讚助商拉克希米‧米塔爾(Lakshmi Mittal )已與約翰遜簽署了融資協定。印度裔鋼鐵大王米塔爾是世界第五大富豪,英國首富,他負責提供1600萬英鎊的資金。

在揭幕儀式上,倫敦市長約翰遜解釋說:『在經濟不景氣境況下建造英國歷史上最大的公共藝術品,一些人一定認為我是瘋子。但我確信,在斯特拉特福地區建造這樣一座建築是正確選擇,它的出現將成為奧運會的一大亮點。』

『水煙壺』需要1400噸鋼材,其中大部分將由米塔爾的公司提供。這位鋼鐵大王表示,從1997年起,他就一直生活在倫敦。他希望為這座美妙的城市送上『一份永恆的禮物』。

藝術家卡普爾在印度出生,他的母親是一位來自巴格達的猶太移民,父親是印度海軍的一名水道測量員。卡普爾的童年在孟買度過,十幾歲時移居以色列,接著又去英國倫敦上大學,從那時起,他便沒有離開過倫敦。所以,卡普爾對倫敦應該是充滿感情的。

1990年,他代表英國參加威尼斯雙年展而一鳴驚人,迅速成為建築設計大師。他的作品以簡單、扭曲、單色和鮮艷的顏色著稱,而倫敦『奧運塔』更是把這些特點集於一身。現在世界上很多城市都建有卡普爾的設計作品。2004年,他為美國芝加哥千禧年公園設計的110噸重的不鏽鋼雕塑『雲之門』落成;2006 年秋天,他設計的第二塊『空中鏡』安裝在紐約洛克菲勒中心;他在紐約為紀念在『9‧11』事件中遇難的英國人設計的一座紀念性建築也將很快完工。毫無疑問,他爭議最大的作品就是倫敦『奧運塔』。

功能上一無是處的標誌性建築

為了打造一屆讓人印象深刻的奧運會,倫敦需要做些什麼?答案居然是建造一座被倫敦市長戲稱為『水煙壺』的巨型高塔式建築。這一消息浮出水面後,當地媒體紛紛予以報導與評論。

有批評人士指出,這座高塔是對資金的一種浪費,同時也潛在地暴露出倫敦奧運會的籌備工作亂七八糟、毫無條理。不客氣地說,打造巨型『水煙壺』的做法沒有任何意義可言。英國藝術品鑑賞家尼古拉斯‧塞羅塔表示,『水煙壺』很高大,但並不能給人一種陽剛之感,反而讓人感覺疲軟無力。

實際上,倫敦奧運會並不需要這樣一座在功能上一無是處的所謂標誌性建築。與以往的奧運會一樣,本屆奧運會也擁有大量具有實際使用價值的城市標誌和體育比賽場館,它們能夠成為全世界攝影愛好者不可錯過的視覺奇觀,其中比較有代表性的當屬邁克爾‧霍普金斯設計的自行車賽車館以及扎哈‧哈迪德設計的水上運動中心。

面對這些『已擁有』,倫敦為何還要執意建造一座巨型鋼鐵結構高塔呢?『水煙壺』高度超過100米,個頭只比『倫敦眼』低一點。除了讓登上塔頂的人大喊『快看我』以外,建造這座高塔似乎沒有其他任何目的。看著這個大傢伙,穿過它的人行道,欣賞呈現在眼睛的景色,難道會比玩過山車更讓人刺激?

建築也需要有娛樂精神嗎

卡普爾和巴爾蒙德均是碩果纍纍的建築師,無論是單幹還是合作,他們總能設計出一些讓遊客驚嘆並從心底裡喜歡的建築,例如2002年共同為泰特現代藝術館的輪機房大廳打造的紅色大喇叭『馬斯亞斯』。對於這兩位建築師,公眾自然抱有很高的期望。但英國著名建築評論家湯姆‧戴克霍夫對卡普爾的『奧運塔』設計提出了尖銳批評:『需不需要並不是問題的關鍵。這座毫無意義甚至愚蠢的所謂地標性建築不過是我們這個時代的一個建築產品罷了。現在,自由市場資金在全世界東躥西躥,消費文化呈現出一種全球趨同性,鋼材、玻璃和星巴克儼然成為另一種意義上的世界語言。』

戴克霍夫指出,從紐約到迪拜的每一座城市似乎都需要擁有所謂的『標誌』,大量地標性建築就此如雨後春筍般出現並且充斥著一系列在設計者看來令人歡呼的元素。打造城市標誌成為倫敦市長鮑裡斯‧約翰遜的一個理由,他為『水煙壺』這個設計搖旗吶喊,要讓倫敦擁有一座真正意義上截然不同的建築。在如今這個時代,建築表現自我的方式也不得不像登上《熱度》雜誌的名人一樣。表現好的話,就會獲得『倫敦眼』那樣的待遇。從這個意義上說,建築也需要有點娛樂精神。

倫敦『奧運塔』讓人不免聯想起弗拉基米爾‧塔特林設計的但最終未能建造的第三國際紀念塔以及康斯坦特‧紐文胡裡的新巴比倫,尤其是後者。第三國際紀念塔是一座螺旋形建築,旨在向十月革命後幸福快樂的人們致敬。新巴比倫是一座烏托邦式城市,成為一場社會主義革命之後獲得自由的人們永久性娛樂之所。

像一堆糾纏在一起的腸子

第三國際紀念塔和新巴比倫都有意識形態上的含義和目的。面對這兩個比較物件,人們不禁為『水煙壺』的未來擔憂。如果無法像支援者所願成為建築史上的一場革命,它是否會淪為世界上一家大型跨國公司的巨型廣告牌呢?它將為我們上演怎樣的表現?它的未來又將迎來怎樣的命運?是成為一個無用的累贅並在歲月的侵蝕下變得面目全非,還是如約翰遜所願成為一個與埃菲爾鐵塔相媲美的城市標誌?

英國媒體進行的調查顯示,絕大多數倫敦人對卡普爾的設計投了反對票,對卡普爾將『奧運塔』與埃菲爾鐵塔、羅德斯巨型雕像甚至《聖經》中記載的巴別塔相提並論的做法更是嗤之以鼻,甚至認為這是不祥之兆。因為羅德斯巨型雕像落成後只過了幾十年,便毀於地震;而按《聖經》的說法,修建巴別塔的目的是為了讚美那些修建它的人。

所以,人們有理由質疑卡普爾設計這樣一座『奧運塔』究竟是為了給倫敦留下一份寶貴的遺產,還是為了讓世人記住他本人。暫且不說創作者是否有為自己樹立豐碑的動機,單就卡普爾將自己的設計與埃菲爾鐵塔進行比較就會貽笑大方。

首先,埃菲爾設計的鐵塔並不是一件公共藝術品,當初修建的時候也沒有希望它會在巴黎矗立的時間超過20年,它是為1889年巴黎世博會修建的一個入口,相當於世博會的大門,可以說屬於一座臨時性建築,當初設計時首先考慮到了如何拆除的問題。而且從一開始,就有很多巴黎人,包括很多巴黎知名人士抗議修建這座鐵塔。

埃菲爾鐵塔之所以最後沒有被拆除,而且在抗議聲中成為一件藝術精品,是因為它的用途逐漸被巴黎人認可,而且一時之間無可替代。 20世紀初,埃菲爾鐵塔被用作早期無線電試驗;1910年該塔又被用作具有重大意義的宇宙射線試驗。直到今天,埃菲爾鐵塔上仍有許多天線,底部則遊人如織。這些功能都是卡普爾的『奧運塔』所無可比擬的。

其次,卡普爾的『奧運塔』結構與埃菲爾鐵塔的結構沒有可比性。埃菲爾鐵塔看上去讓人感覺美,舒服,是因為它充分考慮到了風力的作用,特別設計成這樣的外形,也就是說設計成這種形狀是為了『取悅風力』,是為了減少風的阻力,而不是為了取悅某人的愚蠢。

埃菲爾曾經解釋說:『設計這座塔的時候,我最大的擔心是什麼?風的阻力。所以,我把塔的四條邊設計成彎曲狀,數學計算也證明,這樣的設計可以充分顯示出塔的力量和美感。』由此可以看出,埃菲爾鐵塔遵從了自然的力量,所以顯得優雅大方,成為自然環境的一部分。

可是,卡普爾的『奧運塔』則是另一個極好的例子──人類試圖凌駕於自然之上。扭曲的形狀很容易讓人聯想到一部融化了的過山車,也有網友在博客上說「像一堆糾纏在一起的腸子」。

20年後再議,實在不行就拆

最讓倫敦人難以接受的是,卡普爾竟然在鐵塔上做文章,代表倫敦去挑戰巴黎,而這在倫敦人看來完全沒有必要。因為在爭奪奧運主辦權上,倫敦擊敗了巴黎,再在倫敦奧運會主場館邊上修建這樣的鐵塔,等於倫敦市長約翰遜在巴黎人的傷口上又撒了一把鹽。而且卡普爾無論如何設計,倫敦『奧運塔』都有模仿埃菲爾鐵塔的嫌疑。最讓倫敦人氣不打一處來的是,你要挑戰巴黎也行,問題是你設計的倫敦『奧運塔』比人家埃菲爾鐵塔矮了整整100米,甚至英國黑澤市的那座著名鐵塔都比卡普爾的鐵塔高出20米!

其實,無論媒體如何評價,卡普爾的奧運鐵塔是否應該由模型變成現實,決定權應該屬於倫敦人。現在,再找一個反對埃菲爾鐵塔的巴黎人已經很難了,所以,一種主流意見認為,鑑於埃菲爾鐵塔剛開始修建時也曾遭到抗議,約翰遜市長應該為卡普爾的『奧運塔』設一個20年期限。20年後,也就是到2032年,如果這座建築仍然無法為倫敦人所接受,那麼它就應該拆除。好在這是一座鋼筋建築,拆了也可以廢物利用。

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Anish Kapoor, Cecil Balmond 聯手設計2012年倫敦奧運塔開幕

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造型奇特富時代感‧倫敦「軌道塔」揭幕

如果你在倫敦的奧林匹克公園看見一座紅色軌道狀的建築,請勿以為它是雲霄飛車,它更不是螺旋滑梯,它叫「軌道塔 Orbit Tower」,這座造型奇特的紅色鋼筋建築在2012年5月11日正式揭幕,由於其承包商同時也是贊助者為國際鋼鐵業鉅子阿塞洛‧米塔爾(Arcelor Mittal ),因此它也被命名為「阿塞洛‧米塔爾軌道塔 ArcelorMittal Orbit Tower」。

「軌道塔」造價2,270萬英鎊,耗時18個月建造,使用總計2000噸的鋼鐵,值得一提的是,建築材料中百分之六十都是來自世界各地回收而來的鋼鐵。
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↗ 藝術家Anish Kapoor 與 結構大師 Cecil Balmond 聯手設計的 ArcelorMittal Orbit Tower 奧運塔在倫敦奧運園區現身

這座114.5米高的塔由一些扭曲蜿蜒的「軌道」組成,是全英國最高的雕塑品,比美國紐約的自由女神像還高22米,幾乎是英格蘭北部鋼鐵雕塑「北方天使」(The Angel of the North)高度的6倍,由著名藝術家阿尼什‧卡普爾(Anish Kapoor)與世界頂級的工程顧問公司 Arup 副主席塞西爾‧巴爾蒙德(Cecil Balmond)聯手設計。

巴爾蒙德正是被稱為「大褲衩」的北京央視新大樓CCTV的結構工程師,除了經常與 CCTV的建築師 Rem Koolhaas 合作外,幾乎與所有當代知名的建築大師都有過合作,如 Alvaro Siza、Toyo Ito (伊東豐雄)、Daniel Libeskind、Arata Isozaki(磯崎新)等人。
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↗ 長達560米的ArcelorMittal 鋼結構被分解為若干獨立的部分,並按連續路徑形成環狀

長達560米的ArcelorMittal 鋼結構被分解為若干獨立的部分,並按連續路徑形成環狀,「用一支鉛筆在紙上描繪鋼結構的線條,你可以一筆畫出整幢建築。」,巴爾蒙德為這座結構複雜、角度詭異的「鋼鐵怪物」設計九個節點隱藏在扭曲的線體當中確保結構穩定。

巴爾蒙德說:「我喜歡設計一些古怪的建築,北京的大部份樓都很直,因此我把央視大樓設計成彎曲的。」,軌道塔也與央視大樓有同工異曲之妙,他說:「很多塔都是對稱的,但是這個不是,它看上去有些亂,很難用單一的形狀來描述。」
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↗ ArcelorMittal Orbit Tower 奧運塔位於東倫敦的奧運園區(2012 Olympic Park in East London)

「軌道塔」後現代感十足的設計為它招致了很多批評,有人說它「猶如被炸燬的艾菲爾鐵塔(Eiffel Tower)」,或者「是兩座起重機災難性地撞在一起」,根據英國每日電訊報最新的民意調查,超過半數的倫敦市民都討厭這座新地標,有人批評它是「奧運廣場的酷斯拉」、「麻花塔」、「扭曲的雲霄飛車」、「雜草叢生的柱子」更有人砲轟它是「廣場上的排泄物」,事實上,就連倫敦市大家長約漢森(Boris Johnson),也將軌道塔戲稱為「哈柏泡泡(Hubble Bubble)」(形狀酷似阿拉伯水菸)。

阿尼什‧卡普爾(Anish Kapoor)是這座塔的共同設計師,曾獲頒1991年特納獎(Turner Prize),2002年時創作超大型血紅色PVC薄膜裝置藝術品「Marsyas」在泰特美術館(Tate Modern)展出更讓他聲名大噪,在芝加哥千禧公園內重達100噸的 Cloud Gate(暱稱 The Bean)也是他的作品;卡普爾說「很多偉大的建築設計最初都為人們所詬病,雨果就曾經說巴黎的艾菲爾鐵塔『醜得離譜』,但是現在,人們並不這麼認為了。」

「軌道塔」將接受為期10周的測試與調整,2012年7月28日正式對外開放。管理方預計它每年能吸引100萬遊客,成為倫敦奧林匹克公園的地標之一。

>>相關討論
::藝術家Anish Kapoor, 結構大師 Cecil Balmond 聯手設計2012年倫敦奧運塔 ArcelorMittal Orbit Tower 開幕::

>>相關網站
::倫敦奧軌道塔 ArcelorMittal Orbit::

>>相關圖片
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↗ 藝術家Anish Kapoor 與 結構大師 Cecil Balmond 聯手設計的 ArcelorMittal Orbit Tower 奧運塔在倫敦奧運園區現身
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↗ ArcelorMittal Orbit Tower 奧運塔位於東倫敦的奧運園區(2012 Olympic Park in East London)
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↗ 長達560米的ArcelorMittal 鋼結構被分解為若干獨立的部分,並按連續路徑形成環狀
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↗ ArcelorMittal Orbit Tower 奧運塔施工
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↗ ArcelorMittal Orbit Tower 奧運塔施工
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↗ ArcelorMittal Orbit Tower 奧運塔施工
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↗ ArcelorMittal Orbit Tower 奧運塔施工
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↗ ArcelorMittal Orbit Tower 奧運塔施工
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↗ 從 ArcelorMittal Orbit Tower 奧運塔望向倫敦奧運園區
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↗ 從 ArcelorMittal Orbit Tower 奧運塔望向倫敦奧運園區
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↗ 從 ArcelorMittal Orbit Tower 奧運塔望向倫敦奧運園區
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↗ 藝術家Anish Kapoor 與 結構大師 Cecil Balmond 聯手設計的 ArcelorMittal Orbit Tower 奧運塔在倫敦奧運園區現身
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↗ 藝術家Anish Kapoor(右)與結構大師 Cecil Balmond(左)
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↗ 倫敦市長Boris Johnson
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>>相關影片




UK, London, architecture, sculpture, installation, steel structure, 鋼構造
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Anish Kapoor, Cecil Balmond 聯手設計2012年倫敦奧運塔開幕

文章 forgemind.news »

出處

倫敦奧運新地標 「軌道塔」挨轟太醜!
愛爾達電視 2012/05/12 15:48:57

倫敦奧運精神象徵「軌道塔」(Orbit Tower),耗資超過十億三千萬台幣的巨型藝術品,正式揭幕落成!但這座由印度裔設計師卡普所設計的奧運新地標,卻引發民眾爭議,認為觀賞價值低,甚至有人直言「太醜了!」

通體由紅色鋼架環繞而成的倫敦奧運「軌道塔」(Orbit Tower)高達114.5公尺,鮮明的紅色是取自於倫敦巴士的代表色,正式完工後已成為倫敦市最高公共藝術建築,甚至比「假想敵」美國紐約市的自由女神像還高出22公尺,較勁意味十足。但根據英國每日電訊報最新的民意調查,超過半數的倫敦市民都討厭這座新地標,有人批評它是「奧運廣場的酷斯拉」、「麻花塔」、「扭曲的雲霄飛車」、「雜草叢生的柱子」更有人砲轟它是「廣場上的排泄物」。

批評如潮水湧來,也讓軌道塔的設計師卡普跳出來自我解嘲:「艾菲爾鐵塔也曾被世人罵了五十幾年,引發爭議只是開始罷了」。事實上,就連倫敦市大家長約漢森自己,也將軌道塔戲稱為「哈柏泡泡」(形狀酷似阿拉伯水菸)。

這座超大藝術品位置在伊麗莎白女王奧林匹克公園中心,緊鄰可容納八萬人的奧運主場館「倫敦碗」,是英國知名印度裔設計師阿尼許·卡普(Anish Kapoor)的創意作品,曾拿下特納建築獎而聞名全球。軌道塔主體由國際鋼鐵業鉅子阿塞羅‧米塔(Arcelor Mittal)投資興建,因此正式名稱就叫「阿塞羅·米塔軌道」。總造價2270萬英鎊,折合台幣約為10億3175萬,倫敦市政府發展署提供部分贊助。

其實,不只倫敦奧運的新地標被批評,吉祥物也挨轟!英國媒體就取笑它是「會殺人的天線寶寶」。另外,正在希臘進行傳遞的聖火火炬也不能倖免,被英國民眾取了一堆難堪的綽號,包括「酒店的菸灰缸」、「蛋捲冰淇淋」和「金光閃閃的垃圾桶」,只能說愛挑剔的英國人想像力很豐富。

>>相關網站
::倫敦奧軌道塔 ArcelorMittal Orbit::
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Anish Kapoor, Cecil Balmond 聯手設計2012年倫敦奧運塔開幕

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倫敦新地標 紅色環形高塔揭幕
2012/05/13 07:20:00

(中央社倫敦12日綜合外電報導)佇立在倫敦奧林匹克園區(Olympic Park)中心的環形鐵塔11日正式揭幕,倫敦市長強生稱這座亮紅色漩渦狀高塔比巴黎艾菲爾鐵塔更棒,許多人則將這座環形鐵塔比喻成雲霄飛車。

美國有線電視新聞網(CNN)報導,強生(Boris Johnson)說,由藝術家卡普(Anish Kapoor)和建築師巴爾蒙德(Cecil Balmond)設計打造的環形鐵塔(The Orbit),是「建築設計和工程學上的傑作」。鐵塔就在倫敦東區(East End)斯特拉特福(Stratford)的奧林匹克體育場(Olympic Stadium)旁邊。

強生說:「高塔將讓遊客賞心悅目,看到這座鐵塔便非常心滿意足。艾菲爾鐵塔相比之下就非常簡約,我身後的Shard摩天大樓更是小意思,小孩子就能夠搞出來。環形鐵塔比它們更精緻、眩惑,也更複雜得多。」

環形鐵塔高114.5公尺,是英國最高雕塑建築,比倫敦市中心納爾遜紀念柱(Nelson's Column)高出1倍多,也幾乎是英格蘭北部鋼鐵雕塑「北方天使」(The Angel of the North)高度的6倍。紐約自由女神像還比這座高塔矮22公尺。

遊客可爬455階樓梯或分乘2部電梯登上2個觀景台,一覽倫敦壯闊市容。

鐵塔建案共耗資2400萬英鎊,鋼鐵業巨擘阿塞洛米塔爾集團(ArcelorMittal)出資1900多萬英鎊,並提供該集團鋼鐵廠所鑄造的鋼材興建。卡普和巴爾蒙德提供的鐵塔創意設計,在競圖中脫穎而出。

人們抱怨環形鐵塔的票價太貴,英國「太陽報」(The Sun)報導,設計環形鐵塔的藝術家卡普承認鐵塔門票「不便宜」,大人需15英鎊,孩童7英鎊。卡普希望在倫敦奧運結束後,票價能夠「更加親民」。

不過,卡普指出,這是項昂貴建案,也希望高塔最後能免費開放,讓更多人參觀。(譯者:中央社王富民)1010512
chillywilly

Steel Shroud

文章 chillywilly »

This is not the newest steel roller coaster ride, but you do need to climb to the top with an elevator and fight the gravity down on steps. To celebrate the 2012 Olympic at London, the city has found a way to greet the event. Almost entirely founded by a private entity, an almost 35-story structure has been built near the Olympic stadium in the Olympic park. When Eiffel Tower was built in Paris, a timeless symbol was born to mark the technological achievement of man kind. The gracefulness on the pure engineering solution has yield a stunning breathless moment even until today. Visitors around the world are able to engage a experience not only for her shear power, but also her story. Orbit Tower at London may has been design for different kind of purpose, but has been challenged on a question of its been.

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Elevation, in color.
Source: Architectmagazine.com


Some argue that is a sculpture, some say it is a hybrid of observation tower with art work surrounds it, I said....'I don't understand'.....She has few characteristics that may require some level of explanation. From the base to the top, the steel structure creates a time warp gesture of diameter changing tubular skeletal, but not behaved in the way that people can travel through it, but more of 'I got few extra money to spend on the steel'. The continuity of this tubular element can only be agreed if one is a puzzle expert. Maybe if a connecting dots game with numbers can achieve better understanding. Structural integrity and necessity has been hidden under the complex shape and geometry she presents. If Eiffel is the result of a tireless mathematical and physics formulation on structural achievement, I would argue...'please take your hand and your head away from that computer keyboard, before someone gets hurt for this one.' Is this how someone want to make a comeback after 2008's Bird Nest stadium? Or maybe the Five rings really got tangled up in this idea.

Maybe purity isn't the in anymore, maybe the tools has gives us the freedom to shape the unthinkable, but once a function has been defined for its purpose, then a observation tower should answer few of its successful predecessors. Let's see what others might say;

Trans-post from New York Times
Source: NYTimes.com
by: Amy Chozick @ 06-01-2012


A Lightning Rod Masquerading as a Sculpture
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Miguel Medina/Agence France-Presse — Getty Images
Once the Summer Olympics are over, the winding ArcelorMittal Orbit sculpture, left, will become part of a public plaza surrounded by a housing development, a park and shops.


LONDON — Boris Johnson, the mayor of London, has said that the ArcelorMittal Orbit, a spiraling goliath of red tangled steel that stands 35 stories above the city’s Olympic Park, would have “dwarfed” the aspirations of Gustave Eiffel and “boggled the minds” of the ancient Romans.

Many Londoners don’t see it quite that way.

They’ve called the Orbit, designed by the Indian-born sculptor Anish Kapoor and the Sri Lankan architect Cecil Balmond, the “Eye-full Tower” and “Helter-Skelter,” and have compared it to a “contorted mass of entrails.” Envisioned as a symbol of London looming over the site of this summer’s Olympic Games, the Orbit, which visitors will enter, ascend and explore, is designed as an attraction to rival the London Eye and Big Ben for decades to come. And, at least for now, the sculpture is also serving as a prime target for British Olympic crankiness.

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“The most lasting legacy of the multimillion-pound circus about to roll into town will be a big red clot on the landscape,” the columnist Catherine Cain wrote of the Orbit in The Watford Observer, the newspaper of a town near London. One of the most visible additions to the London skyline in decades and its tallest sculptural tower (about 70 feet higher than the Statue of Liberty), the Orbit has drawn criticism not just for its avant-garde design, but as a symbol — in spite of its mostly private financing — of the billions in government money being spent on the Olympics at a time when Britons are struggling under austerity measures put in place by the Conservative government of Prime Minister David Cameron.

The project has also brought out Londoners’ complicated feelings about public art, several people involved in the project said.

“We have a funny view about public art in Britain — it’s seen as slightly odd and elitist,” said John Simpson, an architect at Ushida Findlay, a London firm that helped transform the sculpture into a structurally sound, functional building. (The Orbit has had a more favorable reception among art and architecture critics.)

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That the tower, which will open to the public with the start of the games on July 27, will have an admission price of £15 ($23), on top of the £10 ($15) entrance fee to the park, only adds to a widespread perception of excess and elitism.

In an interview Mr. Kapoor called the Orbit’s entry fee “a lot of money for a lot of people” and said after the Olympics he’d like a price that matched his vision of a “democratic monument open to all.”

Mr. Cameron has promoted the city’s post-Olympic plans to develop the derelict district of Stratford in East London into a mixed-use development, with the Orbit as a focal point. “I think it’s time to tear up any notion of the Olympics’ leaving behind white elephants,” Mr. Cameron said in a news conference.

But 51 percent of British residents surveyed in March said they disagreed with Mr. Cameron’s statements that the Olympic Games would be well worth the £9.3 billion ($14.5 billion) cost to taxpayers, according to ComRes, a polling company. Government officials have since said that that figure has risen by an estimated 20 percent to £11 billion ($17.2 billion), driven largely by the cost of security.

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The Orbit project got its start in 2009 after Mr. Johnson ran into Lakshmi N. Mittal, the chief executive of the huge steel maker ArcelorMittal and one of the world’s richest men, at the coat check room at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. The mayor pitched Mr. Mittal the idea of building something to add artistic panache to the Olympic Park. Constrained by Britain’s deep recession, the city, Mr. Johnson told Mr. Mittal, needed a private donation to build its largest public art project in decades.

Mr. Mittal contributed £19.6 million pounds (or $31.4 million), almost the entire budget of the project, to have the sculpture named after his company. Nearly 60 percent of the more than 2,000 tons of steel used to make the Orbit came from recycled scrap. The materials were procured from every continent in which ArcelorMittal operates and were assembled in a factory near Manchester.

“The U.K. didn’t have the money that the Chinese had for Beijing,” said Ian Louden, head of brand worldwide for ArcelorMittal. He added that the company saw the structure as a chance to spread brand awareness.

In 2010 Mr. Kapoor and Mr. Balmond, who then worked for the engineering and design firm Arup (best known for its work on the Centre Pompidou in Paris, the Sydney Opera House and the “Bird’s Nest” Olympic stadium in Beijing), won an open competition to design something that would add pizazz to the mostly white stadiums and buildings that make up the Olympic Park.

They found inspiration for the Orbit in the Tower of Babel and Tatlin’s Tower, a helix-shaped mass of iron, glass and steel designed by the Russian artist and architect Vladimir Tatlin, but never built.

“We thought London needed a high-energy something,” Mr. Balmond said. “We thought this idea represents flux, change, and London is full of change, with various ethnic streams.”

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Mr. Kapoor said he wanted the Orbit to be a collective, interactive experience. Visitors walk under a rust-colored, cone-shaped canopy entrance to elevators with viewing portals that carry them up to a two-story observation deck.

“Almost everything on the site is banal and horizontal,” Mr. Kapoor said. “I’m amazed they went with our object, with all its elbows sticking out.”

Mr. Kapoor’s signature style — characterized by bright colors, cloudlike shapes and distorting mirrors — is most evident in the Orbit’s bright red paint and the darkened, conical entrance, which he said he hoped felt “a little dangerous, a bit oppressive and slightly threatening.”

Unlike other examples of public art, the Orbit needed a snack bar and a gift shop and is designed to please the masses of tourists who will want sweeping views of London to go with the Olympic revelry. The two elevators are equipped to carry as many as 770 visitors an hour up to the pair of observation platforms.

To descend the Orbit, visitors must meander along a winding, 1,150-foot staircase with 455 stairs. After the Olympics, the Orbit will serve as the centerpiece of a public pavilion with the capacity to host corporate events, gallery exhibitions and as many as one million visitors annually.

After its completion in May, Mr. Mittal donated the Orbit to the London Legacy Development Corporation, which will be responsible for transforming the Olympic Park into a housing development, complete with parks, retail space and a transformed aquatics center after the games.

The Orbit will sit in the center of a grassy pedestrian area. “The key to success here is that first and foremost it’s got to appeal to the local residents,” said Andrew Altman, chief executive of the development corporation.

In spite of all the grumbling around the city, that might not be too tough. After a friend described the Orbit as an eyesore, a Londoner, Benjamin Tucker, noted in a Twitter message that “it would take an awful lot to blight East London. Stratford’s a dump!”
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