當建築成為學習的媒介:從伊朗札德加爾小學到智利翁布幼兒園,解析12個橢圓形校園如何平衡教育、社區與遊戲空間

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教育場域的設計,是一項極為細膩且需多方權衡的任務。它必須將兒童的安全、學習效率、美學價值與清晰的設計概念融為一體,而成功的作品往往獨樹一格,極具啟發性。在眾多設計手法中,圓形或橢圓形的校園配置,便是一種常見且成效卓著的類型。環形的建築佈局,透過環抱式的外在結構,能自然地營造出一種受保護的安全感;同時,務實的配置方式也能有效地串聯、包容多樣的教學機能,並利用中央庭院促進互動交流。

許多實際案例已證明,如此簡單的幾何環形動線,能有效地激發孩子們的遊戲天性,成為一條可盡情奔跑的連續路徑,且全程都在師長的視線範圍內,兼顧了自由與安全。此設計的另一個顯著特點,是它頻繁地出現於鄉村地區,其空間的靈活性可供社區舉辦各式活動,讓中央庭院化身為一座能凝聚地方居民情感的戶外集會場。

以下將介紹十二件來自世界各地的精選案例,看建築師們如何運用橢圓形的平面規劃,為孩子們創造出安全且引人入勝的學習與遊戲天地。


Jadgal Elementary School 伊朗札德加爾小學╱設計:Daaz Office

Jadgal Elementary School / Daaz Office - Exterior Photography

 

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校園的圓心式中庭,以及環繞其周圍的教室佈局,共同形塑了「共同學習」教育核心理念,意在創造一個消弭階級、風格民主的學習環境。建築師讓教室量體沿圓周旋轉排列,並使其角落相互連接,此舉不僅促進了各班之間的空氣對流,更巧妙地在建築間隙創造出數個小型的附屬院落,可供學生進行戶外教學或團體討論。在這樣的空間架構下,校園最終形成一個位於中央、可供學童與社區居民集會使用的主庭院,以及環繞著教室的帶狀活動空間,和數個班級專屬的半戶外學習區。

延伸閱讀:當建築遇見人文關懷:Daaz Office 透過札德加爾小學的參與式設計,激發伊朗偏鄉社區的內在潛能,共築一個由下而上的教育改革典範,引領社會變革的思潮

 

Jadgal Elementary School / Daaz Office - Exterior Photography


Panyaden Secondary School Library 班雅丹中學圖書館╱設計:Chiangmai Life Architects

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© Markus Roselieb

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Secondary School Library at Panyaden Plan. Image Courtesy of Chiangmai Life Architects

整體空間以同心圓的概念佈局,核心為一處下沉式的環形閱讀區。閱讀區中央正對著上方天窗,形成一方凝望天空的開口,營造出靜謐如教堂般的氛圍。圍繞此核心,第一圈是環狀排列的內嵌式小型工作桌,第二圈則是一道竹製拱廊,整合了主要的書櫃機能。書架呈放射狀配置,之間穿插著不同型態的閱讀角落。這個下沉式區域因其獨特的空間感,也成為團體討論與閱讀活動的熱門地點。

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© Alberto CosiLe Vau Pavilion / L’Atelier Senzu

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© Stijn Bollaert

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Le Vau Pavilion Plan. Image Courtesy of L’Atelier Senzu

圓形的建築設計,根本上屏棄了傳統建築有主立面與次立面的階級觀念,轉而追求一種全方位、無差別對待的設計哲學。外觀靈感汲取自旋轉木馬或林間小屋的意象。在內部,此一圓形配置自然地促進了多元、集體且富含協作性的活動模式,進而營造出一個人人平等、沒有隔閡的交流氛圍。

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© Stijn Bollaert


Kindergarten GALAXIE eR Varnsdorf 加拉西爾幼稚園╱設計:RG architects studio

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© BoysPlayNice

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Kindergarten GALAXIE eR Varnsdorf Plan. Image Courtesy of RG architects studio

幼兒園的有機建築造型,蘊含著開放、動線自由、和諧與美感等多重意涵。設計者認為,這些特質是滋養人類心靈不可或缺的「養分」,對於促進兒童健全發展尤其重要。走進室內,一座種植了新生櫻花樹的綠色中庭豁然開朗,為孩子們提供了一個能夠自在遊戲、沉靜心靈的寧靜角落。

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© BoysPlayNiceELS Altair School / Shell Arquitectos

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© Renzo Rebagliati

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ELS Colegio Altair Plan. Image Courtesy of Shell Arquitectos

室內空間的核心策略,是創造出一種能環視所有環境的通透視野,並將視覺焦點匯聚於中央的主要遊戲場。一座以Shihuahuaco木材打造、極具雕塑感的坡道,是此一空間的亮點;它不僅是串聯上下樓層的動線,其寬闊的斜面本身,也成為了孩童遊憩區的延伸,兼具實用與趣味。

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© Renzo Rebagliati


Ombú Afuera Kindergarten 智利翁布阿富拉幼兒園╱設計:Andrés Zegers Arquitecto + Lirio Paisaje

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© Marcos Zegers

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Ombú Afuera Kindergarten Plan. Image Courtesy of Andrés Zegers Arquitecto + Lirio Paisaje

如何兼顧小班教學的專注需求與孩子天性嚮往的自由氛圍,是本案最困難的課題。最終,圓形的空間語彙成為解答。圓形設計帶來了兩種截然不同卻又互補的效益:當大家圍圈而坐,視線彼此交流,自然形成適合專心討論的社群感;同時,不帶稜角的圓弧場域,也鼓勵著孩子們跳脫框架,用更遊戲、更直覺的方式去探索空間。

 

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© Marcos Zegers


Fass School and Teachers’ Residences 法斯學校及教師宿舍╱設計:Toshiko Mori Architect

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© Iwan Baan

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Fass School Plan. Image Courtesy of Toshiko Mori Architects

考量到學校老師的人數不多,設計上採用了橢圓形的動線,讓老師們可以輕鬆快速地穿梭於各個班級之間,提供即時的協助。行走其間,人們還會發現周邊牆面的設計饒富趣味;牆面時而高聳、時而低矮,間距也時寬時窄,這些變化不僅塑造出形形色色的角落空間,也營造出豐富多變的空間區劃及行走體驗。

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© Iwan Baan


Lycee Schorge Secondary School 布吉納法索舒爾吉中學╱設計:Kéré Architecture

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© Iwan Baan

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Lycee Schorge Plan . Image Courtesy of Kéré Architecture

教室單元採放射狀排列,圍繞著一座中央庭院,營造出一個獨立的「村落」感。此一佈局有雙重優點:它既能保護校園內部不受外界窺擾,也能替中庭阻擋風沙。庭院中心的圓形階梯廣場,則是一個多功能的活動空間,不僅可供師生舉辦朝會或慶典,也能開放給社區居民,作為非正式聚會的場所。

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© Iwan Baan


The Rajkumari Ratnavati Girl’s School 印度拉吉庫瑪麗.拉特納瓦蒂女子學校╱設計:Diana Kellogg Architects

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© Vinay Panjwani

這是一座由女性為女性所構築的殿堂。女建築師 Diana Kellogg 在構思GYAAN中心時,遍尋了各種文化中關於力量的女性符號,試圖找到一種能與在地婦女對話的建築語言。最後,三個交疊的橢圓形,成為了她的答案。它們既是無限與女性力量的化身,也彷彿是齋沙默爾(Jaisalmer)廣闊沙丘在大地上溫柔的呢喃,將建築與自然環境緊密連結。

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© Vinay PanjwaniMontessori School / Estudio Transversal

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© Alejandro Arango

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Montessori School Plan. Image Courtesy of Estudio Transversal

According to Estudio Transversal, “the circle as an educational space to generate a flexible space that accords with the Montessori philosophy that fosters the personal development of each student.”

 

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© Alejandro ArangoCommunity Canvas School / pk_iNCEPTiON

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© Yash Katariya

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Community Canvas School Plan. Image Courtesy of pk_iNCEPTiON

“The initial idea was to have a continuous set of curves for a compound wall, arranged in a configuration to achieve a classroom inside and play areas outside. This curve would act as an unending canvas for writing. It further got developed as a single curve wall instead of several small curves, which ensured the utilization of space for communal activities as well. This orientation would also respond to the existing hexagonal classroom, providing connectivity and ease in movement.”

 

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© Aashlesha Bhosale


Yoshino Nursery School and Kindergarten 吉野托育院與幼稚園╱設計:Tezuka Architects

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© Katsuhisa Kida

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Yoshino Nursery School Plan. Image Courtesy of Tezuka Architects

吉野幼兒園的橢圓形屋頂,以一道優雅的弧線,呼應了鄰近的下北半島海岸地景,並在建築最南端與地面輕輕交會。這片與大地相連的斜坡,自然而然地成為孩子們的遊戲場,他們可以直接從此處踏上屋頂,一路探索、攀爬至最高點。

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© Katsuhisa Kida

 

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